VILLA MADAM A, FARNESIAN GARDEXS AND VILLA PAPA Gli'LIO. 47 
Caprarola. It is said, in fact, that the latter great work took the place of a palace intended 
to be built by Cardinal Alexander Farnese at the top of these Farnesian gardens on the 
Palatine. Vignola (1507-1573) was certainly the architect for the grand doorway of access 
from the Campo Vaccino. The fountain was designed by Michael Angelo, and the two side 
pavilions by Girolamo Rainaldi (1570 -1655). The absence of tlie crowning palace explains a 
definite want of a central 
point of interest and a 
definite lack of unity 
apparent in the scheme. 
The Villa Papa Giulia 
is to-day one of the most 
important museums i n 
Rome, as containing the 
priceless results of 
Etruscan research. As its 
surroundings have been 
much altered by new roads, 
it is most interesting to 
approach it from the 
main road, on which the 
unfinished Casino di Papa 
Giulio III still stands. 
This fine, massive design, 
with its canted angle 
treated as screen wall 
fountain, is ascribed to 
that very great architect 
Baldassare Peruzzi (1481 — 
1537), though built at a 
date of about 1550. A 
way enclosed by walls 
leads up from this point 
direct to the villa, which 
is seen at an angle. It is 
one of the most interesting 
of Vignola’s works, being 
very skilfully planned for 
a maximum of internal 
effect. There are few 
prettier sights than the 
view across the garden 
court, gay with flowers 
in box-edged patterns set 
on margins of grass, and 
backed by sturdy palm 
trees symmetrically 
balanced. The. view 
extends right through on 
an axis which threads the 
screen - like centres of 58.-DETAIL of the casino. 
the further pavilions, to end in a little walled garden hung with roses and filled with laurel trees. 
The villa was built by Vignolain 1550-55 for Pope Giulio III. Vasari claims to have had 
a share in it, and drags in Michael .Angelo as well. Vignola, however, was an extremely 
competent person, as Caprarola, completed in 1549, remains to show. The fine barrel-vaulted 
