204 
THE GARDEXS OF ITALY. 
copper and stucco, in which were perched mechanical birds, which sang “each in his natural 
voice ” till a civetta or owl appeared, when they became silent ; the owl withdrew, and they 
sang again. 
The Cardinal employed Ligorio to excavate in Hadrian’s Villa and in Tivoli itself, and the 
gardens were adorned with numbers of statues, many of them superb works of antiquity. In 
1664 Archbishop Fabio Croce gives a list of over sixty groups, figures and busts “still 
remaining.” 
The laying out of the grounds was largely completed in the lifetime of Cardinal Ippolito, 
and Mureto and Bulgarini, poet and historian, have left a pleasant picture of his life there. 
He died in 1572, and is buried in the cathedral of San Francesco in Tivoli. IMureto’s 
funeral oration gives us 
a very full impression of 
a great churchman of 
the Renaissance. 
“ Who,” he says, “ was 
ever more splendid and 
magnificent in every 
relation in life ? What 
sumptuous edifices he 
raised, what works of 
antiquity he unearthed, 
which, but for him, 
might never have been 
discovered. What illus- 
trious artists he inspired 
to make fresh experi- 
ments. What princes, 
what lawyers, what 
great and powerful men 
he gathered round him, 
receiving them like a 
splendid Cardinal, 
almost a King. How 
liberal and magnificent 
he was to the poor you 
know, oh Tiburtines, 
who remember his con- 
tinuous and daily alms- 
giving, and how, when 
sickness came, he sent 
every dav to visit ever\- 
213.-SEAT IN THE ENCLOSURE CALLED THE BATHS. was sick, SO 
Ah. 13 ou I Urn. none should be left 
out or lack what was necessary for the recovery of their health or to keep their families during their 
sickness. No one more loved doctors and men of letters, no one had a greater number at his 
court, and no one treated them with more generosity. They would converse familiarly with 
him while he sat at his suppers and talk of public business, and towards them and his dependents 
he behaved with such familiar and homely kindness, like an equal, joking and talking, correcting 
faults with paternal love rather than with anger or pride. No one forgot injuries or ingratitude 
more easily, and was so ready to accord fresh benevolence. He proved his piety and religion 
in every hour of his life, and in the last moments of his mortal career he called upon God’s 
sacred minister, he confessed his sins, and expressed his deep penitence for all in which he had 
come short, and then cast himself on the Divine mercy.” We can picture him pacing these 
wide terraces surrounded by his court, or sitting on summer evenings at the old stone tables 
