CHAPTER II 
THE ORDER OF APES AND MONKEYS 
PRIMATES 
This Order includes all creatures with hands, 
and hand-like feet. With the exception of the 
Japanese red-faced monkey, the tscheli monkey 
of China, and two or three other Chinese species, 
all its members inhabit the tropics, far below the 
frost line. It is on or near the Equator that the 
lower Primates reach their highest development, 
and the great apes approach nearest to man. 
Let it not be supposed, however, that the chain 
of evolution from the aye-aye to the gorilla is 
complete for the gap between the gibbons and 
the monkeys is much greater than that between 
the gorilla and man. 
All men, even savages, are specially interested 
in apes and monkeys, because they are the high- 
est of the lower animals, and stand nearest to 
man. There is no human being of sound mind 
to whom their human-likeness does not appeal. 
For this reason, we will introduce here several 
species which are not found in the New World, 
for the reason that without them our Foundation 
for the Mammalia would be incomplete. 
Although tropical America contains a very 
respectable number of species of monkeys, they 
are, as a whole, both structurally and mentally, 
far lower than the monkeys and baboons of the 
Old World. Structurally they are weak, in 
spirit they are timid and cowardly, and intel- 
lectually they are dull to the point of stupidity. 
With the exception of the sapajous, they are 
in general so ill fitted to survive that if they are 
on exhibition it is a difficult matter to keep any 
of them alive in captivity much longer than one 
year. If not exhibited, they survive longer. 
On the other hand, very many of the monkeys 
and baboons of the Old World have developed 
first-class fighting powers, and pugnacious tem- 
pers. They have dangerous canine teeth, wide- 
spreading jaws, strong muscles, and keen wits 
for either attack or defence. The Lemuroids, 
however, the lowest of the Primates, are as mild- 
mannered and harmless as rabbits. 
With Ethnology, the study of the races of 
Mankind, we have here nothing to do. That 
subject is so interesting, and so vast in its ex- 
tent, that nothing less than an entire volume can 
adequately set it forth. The grand divisions of 
the Primates in general are as shown below. 
SUB-ORDER 
ANTHRO- 
POIDEA : 
SUB-ORDER 
LEMU- 
ROIDEA : 
FAMILIES. EXAMPLES. 
Man, 
HOM-IN'I-DAE. 
Anthropoid 1 
Apes, j 
SIM -I’ I -DAE. . ' 
[ Gorilla, 
1 Chimpanzee, 
| Orang-Utan, 
, Gibbon, 
Gorilla gorilla. 
Pan troglodytes. 
Simia satyrus. 
Hylobates leuciscus. 
Old-W okldi 
Monkeys and 
Baboons, ' 
CER-CO-PI-THE'- ’ 
CI-DAE. . . ( 
( Japanese Red- 
) Faced Monkey, 
j Diana Monkey, 
Gelada Baboon, 
Macacus speciosus. 
Cercopithecus diana. 
Theropithecus gelada. 
N ew -World j 
Monkeys, f 
CEB' I -DAE. . . > 
Wliite-Tliroated 
i Sapajou, 
Black Spider- 
1 Monkey, 
Howlers, 
Cebus hypoleucus. 
Ateles ater. 
Alouatta. 
Marmosets, j 
CAL-LI-T H RI'CI - 
DAE. 
/ Common Marino* 
l set. 
Callithrix jacchus. 
Lemurs, 
LE-MUR'I-DAE . . 
Ruffed Lemur, 
Lemur varius. 
Tarsier, 
TAR-SI'I-DAE. . . 
Tarsier, 
Tarsius tarsius. 
Aye-Aye, 
DA U - BEN - TON- 
I'-T-DAE. 
1 Aye-Aye, 
Daubentonia. 
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