106 
ORDERS OF MAMMALS— HOOFED ANIMALS 
the flesh is free from musky flavors, and very 
good. 
One of the most important discoveries of the 
expedition was the fact that the region visited 
had once been inhabited by Eskimo, but their 
kitchen-middens contained no remains of Musk- 
Ox, from which, and from other evidence, Prof. 
Nathorst concludes that the presence of that ani- 
mal on the eastern coast of Greenland is due to 
a southward migration along the coast which has 
taken place since 1823. 1 
A complete count of all the living Musk-Ox 
specimens that thus far have reached Europe 
and the United States should be entered here. 
In 1899, a Swedish expedition carried to 
Europe two male specimens captured on Claver- 
1 See Le Loup polaire et le Boeuf Musque, par A. G. 
Nathorst, Bulletin de la Societe Geographie, Paris, 
1901. 
ing Island, on the east coast of Greenland. Both 
were purchased by the Duke of Bedford. 
In 1900, thirteen living specimens were capt- 
ured on the eastern coast of Greenland, between 
Latitude 70° and 74° and taken alive to Europe. 
One male in Woburn Park, England, owned 
by the Duke of Bedford, survived until 1903. 
Of the specimens mentioned above, the follow- 
ing were alive in December, 1903: 
One male in the Copenhagan Zoological Gar- 
den; 
One male in the Berlin Zoological Garden; 
Three in Norrland, Sweden (one male and two 
females), practically at liberty on pasture closely 
resembling their Greenland home. 
Of the other specimens, five died in Antwerp 
when very small, and three in Sweden, in wild 
pastures. 
In March, 1902, the New York Zoological 
Reproduced by permission of A. G. Nathorst. 
WILD MUSK-OX HERD AT FRANZ JOSEPH FJORD, E. GREENLAND, 1899. 
The figure in the foreground is that of Prof. Nathorst. Photographed by E. Nilson, Lat. 73° 30'. 
