134 
ORDERS OF MAMMALS— HOOFED ANIMALS 
gray, which color also suffuses the neck, head 
and hind-quarters. In October the new coat is 
of a dark color known as seal brown, quite differ- 
ent from the same pelage in spring. 
Originally the Newfoundland Caribou were 
referred to the species named above, but in 1896 
they were given rank as an independent species 
( R . terraenovae) chiefly on account of their very 
light color. They are the whitest of all caribou. 
In 1899, Mr. Ernest Thompson Seton described 
ANTLERS OF KENAI CARIBOU. 
From photograph of specimen taken on the Ivenai 
Peninsula in 1900, by Harry E. Lee. 
the Black-Faced Caribou of southeastern 
British Columbia (Revelstoke) as Rangifer mon- 
tanus, or Mountain Caribou. The new Sep- 
tember coat is almost black. The antlers are 
short, but throw off a surprising array of long 
tines. 
In 1902 the large, dark-colored caribou of the 
Cassiar Mountains, in northern British Columbia, 
was described by Dr. J. A. Allen as Osborn’s 
Caribou ( Rangifer osborni), the name bestowed 
being in honor of Professor Henry Fairfield 
Osborn, the distinguished zoologist of the Ameri- 
can Museum of Natural History. This species 
attains a shoulder height of 55 inches, and is said 
to be the largest of all caribou. In September 
its coat is so brown the animal has been described 
as a brown caribou. 
The Kenai Caribou of the Kenai Peninsula — 
but, in 1903 almost extinct in that locality — 
was described in 1901 as a distinct species, and 
christened Rangifer stonei. In September, 1903, 
the Secretary of Agriculture issued an order pro- 
hibiting for five years the killing of caribou on 
the Kenai and Alaska Peninsulas. 
Regarding the distribution and habits of cari- 
bou in the Canadian Northwest, Mr. J. B. Tyrrell, 
who, while a member of the Canadian Geological 
Survey, travelled over a greater area of the range 
of that animal than any other observer known to 
me, has kindly furnished the very interesting 
facts quoted below. His letter is dated at Daw- 
son City, September 10, 1903. 
“ Regarding the portions of the districts of Al- 
berta, Athabasca and Saskatchewan spoken of 
by you, I am reasonably certain that the Wood- 
land Caribou may be found in all the thickly 
wooded tracts. This deer is known to the Cree 
Indians of that country as the ‘ Muskeg- Atik,’ 
or Swamp Deer, in recognition of the fact that it 
lives in the swamps and coniferous forests, and 
not on the plains, or on the country studded 
with groves of poplar. Now, much of Alberta, 
and a great part of Saskatchewan, is dry, open 
country, and into such country caribou rarely 
wander. 
“This dry, ‘bluffy’ country extends north- 
westward through the western part of Athabasca, 
but throughout all the thickly wooded parts of 
Athabasca I have no hesitation in saying that 
Woodland Caribou are not uncommon. They 
certainly occur along the Churchill River, and 
I think that their tracks were common along the 
banks of the Athabasca River, though I cannot 
definitely remember this, and I have not my 
note-books here to help me. 
“ The Indians told me that the Woodland Cari- 
bou of the Churchill River and vicinity move 
northward, and the Barren-Ground Caribou 
southward in autumn, and that both winter in 
the same region, in a country where the trees are 
festooned by a long, black, hair-like lichen ( Alec - 
toria jubata?). However, I believe that the 
