140 
ORDERS OF MAMMALS— HOOFED ANIMALS 
by swimming, when they are easily overtaken, and 
either killed, captured, or photographed. 
In the autumn months, the northeastern Moose 
hunter sometimes makes a horn of birch bark, 
at nightfall conceals himself beside a pond, and 
imitates the call of the cow Moose until a bull 
is actually attracted within shooting distance. 
The cry of this animal is a prolonged, resonant 
bawl, ending in three or four hoarse grunts. 
The accompanying map shows that the Moose 
is yet found in northern Maine, New Brunswick, 
Canada, Manitoba, northern Minnesota, north- 
western Wyoming, Idaho, British Columbia, 
Alberta, Athabasca, Yukon and Alaska. It 
shows only localities known to have been in- 
habited in 1902. In none of these, however, 
are Moose so abundant as in Alaska, around Cook 
Inlet. The southern limit of the Moose in North 
America is the head of Green River, Wyoming, 
Latitude 43°, Longitude 1 10° W., corresponding 
to the latitude of Albany, New York. 
Below Alaska, the favorite hunting-grounds 
for Moose are Maine, New Brunswick, the upper 
Ottawa River country of Canada, and north- 
western Manitoba. In view of the great number 
of hunters — estimated at ten thousand — who 
annually hunt and fish in Maine, of whom a large 
proportion hold licenses that permit the killing 
of one bull, the persistence of the Moose in Maine 
is really wonderful. During the past nine years 
the number of Moose transported by the rail- 
ways of Maine have been as follows: 
1894 45 
1895 112 
1896 133 
1897 139 
1898 202 
1899 166 
1900 210 
1901 259 
1902 244 
Total 1,510 
In all probability, fifteen hundred more were 
killed and consumed within the state, and not 
accounted for in any permanent records. 
The young of the Moose — always spoken of as 
a “calf,” its mother being called a “cow”— is 
born in May, and at first is a very grotesque- 
looking creature. Its enormously long, loose- 
jointed legs are attached to an abnormally short 
and diminutive body. The neck is so short the 
creature cannot put its nose to the ground with- 
out kneeling. Its hair is woolly and brick red, 
or “sandy,” like that of a buffalo calf. 
A Moose calf which I once owned, and meas- 
ured when seven weeks old, had the following 
dimensions : 
Height at shoulders 37 inches. 
“ “ hips 31 “ 
Length of head and body 42 “ 
Depth of chest 11 “ 
Length of foreleg to elbow 26 “ 
Weight 79 pounds. 
At one year of age, if not stunted in growth, 
a Moose stands from 4 feet 9 inches to 5 feet in 
height at the shoulders, where it has developed a 
lofty hump. On August 14, 1901, the largest 
of six Moose in the New York Zoological Park, 
each one about fifteen months old, measured as 
follows: 
Height, 5 feet 3 inches; length, head and body, 
5 feet 9 inches. Length of tail, 34 inches; depth 
of chest, 2 feet 2 inches. Horns, 4 inches long; 
weight, 330 pounds. 
Any Moose which stands 6 feet 6 inches in 
height at the shoulders may be considered a very 
large one, a prize, in fact. The largest Moose of 
which I have a reliable record, was killed in New 
Brunswick, in 1901, by Carl Rungius, the justly- 
celebrated animal painter, and carefully meas- 
ured by him with the following result : 
Height of shoulders, 7 feet, exactly. 
Length of head and body, 9 feet 7 inches. 
Girth, 8 feet. 
Length of head alone, 2 feet 9 inches. 
Antlers small for so large an animal. 
The largest antlers recorded up to this date 
(1903) came from the Kenai Peninsula, are now 
in the Field Columbian Museum, and have the 
following dimensions: 
Spread at widest point, 784 inches. 
Greatest width of palmation, 16 inches. 
Circumference of burr, 15 inches. 
Greatest thickness of palmation, 2f inches. 
Length of skull, 28f inches. 
Total number of points, 34. 
Weight of antlers and dry skull, 931 pounds. 
From the above figures, one can imagine the 
strength necessary to enable an animal to carry 
such an unwieldy load upon its head, and run at 
great speed for long distances over the roughest 
kind of timbered country. 
