Perching Birds. 
37 
The range of the Red-throated Pipit is more eastern than that of the Meadow- 
Pipit, as it breeds from Northern Scandinavia to Eastern Siberia and Kamtchatka, 
beyond the limits of forest growth, wintering in China and Burma, and the Malayan 
Islands, as well as in Persia and North-eastern Africa, as far as Machakos in 
British East Africa. 
It is an inhabitant of the swampy districts of the north, breeding in June, and 
making a nest of dry grass, placed under a tussocky ridge in the bogs, according to 
Mr. Seebohm. In habits it resembles the Meadow-Pipit, as might be expected, and 
the eggs are similar in colour and variation to those of the last-named bird. 
which is smaller, having a wing of 3^ inches. It is very much like a Lark in appear- 
ance, but has no dark streaks on the flanks, and the pale portion of the outer tail-feather 
is white. All Pipits have the outer tail-feathers of two colours, and the extent of the pale 
marking forms a distinctive character in many of the species, as will be seen below. 
Richard’s Pipit seems to be a regular autumnal visitor to Western Europe. It 
has been met with in England several times at this season of the year. Its breeding 
home is in Siberia, from the Valley of the Yenesei and Central Asia to Mongolia, and 
it is a frequent winter visitor to China and the Indian Peninsula. It is a grass- 
loving species and is seldom seen in its northern haunts during the breeding season, 
except when it rises into the air to sing. In its winter quarters in India and Ceylon, 
it is a shy bird, as it is also in its northern habitat, but it resembles a Lark in 
its fondness for cattle pastures, and like the last-named bird, it is fond of dusting 
itself in a sand}' road. 
The eggs are from four to six in number, the ground-colour being greenish- 
white, nearly hidden by spots of greenish-brown and grey. Some eggs are 
browner in tint than others. 
RICHARD’S PIPIT. 
(Anthus richardi.) 
This is a large species, with a very strong hind claw, equal to 
the hind toe in length, or even exceeding the latter. The male 
measures 7^ inches in length, and the wing is 3'95 ; the female, 
The Tawny Pipit. 
The Tawny Pipit (Anthus cam- 
pestris). A rare winter visitor from 
the Continent to the southern coasts 
of England, several specimens having 
been captured near Brighton. The 
home of the species is in Central and 
Southern Europe, where it inhabits 
the sandy districts, as far east as 
Central Asia, extending even to 
Eastern Siberia. The winter home 
is in Senegambia, North-east Africa, 
and the plains of North-western 
India. 
