3 
the coast and at the altitude mentioned above there is an abrupt change 
in the character of the vegetation, the bamboo and scrubby thickets for 
the greater part giving place to the high forest, the transition usually 
being sharp and well defined. The high forest, commencing at the upper 
limits of the thickets, extends without a l^reak to the summit of the 
mountain, although the character of the vegetation at the higher altitudes 
is very different from that below, not only in constituent species but also 
in general appearance. In the typical clipterocarp forests on the lower 
slopes, mosses, lichens, epiphytes, ferns, and herbaceous plants ai’e com- 
paratively scarce, while the trunks and branches of trees on the exposed, 
wind-swept ridges above 900 or 1,000 meters are more or less densely 
covered with many species of mosses and lichens, ferns, orchids, and other 
epiphytic plants, and the trees themselves are more or less dwarfed, 
according to their exposure. The ground on these ridges is, for the 
greater part, densely covered with various species of mosses; herbaceous 
plants are also more abundant than in the high forests at lower altitudes. 
In the accompanying paper I have referred to plants found in this loca- 
tion as growing in the mossy forest on exposed ridges. Few of the species 
found in this habitat extend downward into the high forest, and, when 
they do, they are usually found in the deep, damp ravines and canons, 
and not on the steep slopes. 
ORIGIN OF MATERIAL. 
The material on which the present paper is based has all been collected 
within the past two and one-half years, and is deposited in the herbarium 
of this Bureau. It has been received from the following sources : 
Forestry Bureau, by direction of Gapt. G. P. Ahern, Chief of Bureau. 
Numbers. 
Aliern’s collector, Ramos, July-August, 1904 98 
Barnes, P. T., October, 1903, to April, 1904 313 
Borden, T. E., April, 1904, to May, 190.5 1,190 
Leiberg, J. B., -July, 1904 160 
Meyer, R., December, 1904, to June, 1905 435 
Total 2,196 
Bureau of Science. 
Copeland, E. B., mostly ferns and fungi (about) 200 
Elmer, A. D. E., November, 1904 302 
Merrill, E. D., June, October, 1903; January, 1904; Marcli, 
1905 575 
Wbitford, H. N., April to -July, 1904; December, 1904, to 
May, 1905; September, 1905 892 
Total 1,969 
• Miscellaneous. 
Topping, D. Le Roy, May, 1904, presented (about) 100 
Aggregate 4,265 
