312 
cups, ami even temporary cooking ntensils ; for fisli tra])S, corrals, ami 
wiers; for carrying poles, walking sticks, musical instrnnients, pipes, 
and pipestems ; tire-making apparatus, blowgims, arrows, and spear 
handles; for ro])e, coarse and fine hats etc. The young shoots of some 
species are used for food. Good drinking water is frequently found in 
the hollow internodes, especially in the climbing species (Dinochloa and 
i^cJrizophyllum) , and various parts of some species are used hy the 
natives in the practice of medicine. It is very probable that eventually 
the more abundant species will he found to have considerable value as 
a material for making paper. 
About 17 of the 22r> species and varieties enumerated in the present 
paper liave been introduced into the Islands either because of their 
economic value or accidentally as weeds. The most imjjortant of these 
introduced species are the cultivated ones, Euchlaena luxuruvm Schrad., 
Zea, mays Linn., Saccharum officinaram Linn., Andropogun sorghum 
Brot., Setaria italica Beauv., Oryza sativa Linn., and Triticuvi vulgare 
Vill. Bamhusa hlumeana Schultes, the most common building bamboo 
in tlie Philippines, is apparently cultivated only, and not a native species. 
Cenchrus ecliiiuitus Linn., Puspalum conjugniwm Berg., and Ghioris 
harhata Sw., have been introduced as -weeds, jJi’obably all from tropical 
America. 
About 46 species and varieties are endemic, including one monotypic 
genus, Ganiotiella pliilippinensis Stapf. Thirty-two species are cosmo- 
politan in the Tropics of the world, a few of them extending into the 
temperate regions. Twenty-nine represent northern or Asiatic types, 
the most characteristic of which are PoUinia qua-drinervis Hack., P. iin- 
herhis var. willdenowiana forma monostachya Hack., P. uuda Hack., 
Ophiurus monostachyns Presl, Succharwm arundinaceum Eetz., Ischac- 
■mum angustifolium Hack., Eremochloa ciliaris Merr., Arthraxon micro- 
pit yllus Plochst., .1. ciliaris, varieties, Arundinella setosa Trin., A. agro- 
stoides Trin., Digitaria. pedicellaris Merr., Isachne dehilis Eendle, Pani- 
C'Hiu villosum Lam., Anthoxanthum luzoniense iMerr., Aristida cuming- 
iana Trin. & ILipr., Agrostis elmeri Merr., Calamagrostis anmdinncea 
nipponica liack., C. jilifolia ]\Ierr., Eriacline friseta. Xees, Coelachne 
hacVelii Merr., Eragrostis juponica Trin., Poa luzoniensis Merr., Bromtis 
pauciflorus Hack., and Brachypoditun. silvaticitin Beany. ; of these, 
Anthoxanthum, Agrostis, Calamagrostis, Poa, Bromus, and Brachypo- 
diwm are distinctly boreal. 
About 12 represent Australian types, of which the following are known 
only from Australia and tlie Philippines: PoUinia irritans Hack., Andro- 
pogon fragUis Hack., .1. baileyi F. MuelL, Itlicrolaena stipoides E. Br., 
and Andropogon filipendidtts var. luchnatherus Black., Andropogon seri- 
ceiis and PotthoelUa ophiuroides Benth. are knowm only from Australia, 
New Guinea, and the Pliili])pines. Perotis rara E. Br., Panicam cattdig- 
liinte Hack., P. viindanaense Merr., Ischaemum aioindinaceitiii var. 
