36 
COPELAND. 
ovate, serrate; veinlets simple; sori medial or above tlie middle of the 
lowest veinlets, but the upper ones close to the costa, indusium wanting. 
Nearly related to this species are C. formosana, A. dubia, C. atropurpurea , 
C. ramispina, C. podopliylla , C. recommutada, and C. Hancockii. The 
Celebes plant is larger than that found elsewhere in Malaya, but even it is 
smaller than most tree ferns; a confusion of species is probably respon- 
sible for the report of trunks 18 m high in India. 
Malaya, India, China, Formosa. 
17. Cyathea atropurpurea Copel. in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 3 (1908) 354. 
(Plate XVIII.) 
Trunk 2 m high, 4 cm in diameter; frond 150 cm long, 60 cm wide; 
stipe and rachis purple, unarmed, the base of the stipe clothed with long, 
rigid, appressed pale* with pale margins, and bearing some very reduced 
pinnae almost without lamina, but not spine-like; rachises bearing purple 
hairs above and very sparse squamul* beneath ; pinnules 7 cm long, cau- 
date, at the base cut to the rachis and the secondary pinnules contracted 
at the base, margins serrate, cost* hairy above, beneath bearing bullate 
scales, as do also the costules, lamina smooth, purplish-green ; veinlets 
simple, about 5 on a side; sori costular, indusium wanting. 
Mount Halcon, Mindoro, alt. 750 to 1,050 m, common on ridges. 
18. Cyathea ramispina (Hooker) Copel. (Alsoplula ramispina Hooker, Syn. 
Fil. (1866) 42). 
Frond dark-green above, paler beneath ; stipe subasperous, ebeneous, as 
are also the rachises and cost*, scaly at base and bearing 3 to 5 branched, 
black spines 4 cm long; pinnules 6 cm long, 12 mm wide, cut two-thirds 
to the costa, costa beneath bearing minute, brown, bullate scales; lobes 
oval-oblong, obtuse, serrate toward the apex ; veinlets mostly simple ; sori 
small, costular, exindusiate. 
Borneo (Sarawak, alt. 900 m). 
19. Cyathea ridleyi (Baker) Copel. ( Alsophila ridleyi Baker in Ann. Bot. 8 
(1894) 122). 
Fronds ample, deltoid, tripinnatifid, somewhat rigid, green and glab- 
rous on both sides; rachis naked, dark-chestnut, unarmed; pinn* 30 cm 
long, oblong-lanceolate; pinnules 3 to 5 cm long, 8 to 12 mm wide, 
sessile, linear, subobtuse, base truncate, the lower ones cut halfway to the 
costa; segments oblong, entire; veinlets 4 to 6 on a side, evident, curved, 
simple or the lowest forked; sori medial, exindusiate. Related to C. 
recommutata and C. squamulata, 
Singapore. 
20. Cyathea recommutata Copel. nomen novum (Alsophila commutata Mett. 
1863, not C. commutata Spr.). 
Frond hard-coriaceous, brown when dry ; stipe scaly, rough at base, and, 
like the rachises, dark-purple, subulate-squamulose ; pinn* stalked, 40 
cm long; pinnules about 8 cm long, broadest above the middle, stipi- 
