48 
COPELAND. 
beneath; pinnae 45 cm long; pinnules rather remote, 8 to 10 cm long, 
acuminate, cut nearly or quite to the costa ; segments oblong, obtuse, entire 
or erenulate or slightly lobed; veinlets forked; sori costular, indusium 
cup-shapecl with irregular margin. 
Ceylon (center of the island, at the higher altitudes). 
60. Cyathea modesta (Baker) Copel. ( Alsophila modesta Baker in Journ. 
Bot. 18 (1880) 210). 
Stipe less than 30 cm long, bearing dark-brown, linear scales 12 mm 
long; frond 75 to 90 cm long, tripinnate, moderately firm, green and 
nearly glabrous on both surfaces, except for a few lanceolate scales on 
the costae beneath; rachises pubescent but without prickles or scales; 
pinnae oblong-lanceolate, the middle ones the largest, 22 to 30 cm long, 
5 to 7.5 cm broad, short-stalked, the lowest reduced and longer-stalked; 
pinnules lanceolate, sessile, 9 to 12 mm broad, cut in the lower part to 
the costa, above to a narrow wing, into close, ligulate, entire, obtuse 
segments less than 2 mm broad; veinlets 6 to 9 on a side, simple or 
forked; sori costular, not reaching the margin, indusium wanting. 
Sumatra (Mount Singalan, alt. 1,800 m). 
61. Cyathea melanopus (Hasskarl) Copel. ( Alsophila melanopus Hassk. in 
Hook. Journ. Bot. 7 (1855) 325). 
Trunk 2 to 5 m high, its apex and the bases of the stipes bearing large, 
copious but deciduous, dark-colored paleae; stipes strongly aculeate at 
the base, above, like the rachis, slightly rough ; frond tripinnatifid, ovate- 
oblong, acute, membranaceous, slightly glaucous beneath, rachis sub- 
glabrous; pinnae elongate-oblong and acute or oblong-lanceolate and 
acuminate; pinnules linear-oblong, acuminate, deeply pinnatifid; seg- 
ments linear-oblong, obtuse or subacute, subfalcate, obscurely crenate- 
serrate ; sori costular in the forks of the veinlets, covering one-lialf to 
three-fourths of each segment, finally confluent. 
Java (Gedeli, alt. 1,200 to 2,400 m). 
62. Cyathea wallacei (Mett.) Copel. ( Alsophila icallacei Mett. ex Kuhn in 
Linnaea 36 (1869) 153). 
Frond ample, tripinnatifid, subcoriaceous, green on both sides ; rachises 
stramineous, densely pubescent ; pinme oblong-lanceolate, 30 to 36 cm 
long; pinnules stalked, ligulate, 4 to 5 cm long, 9 mm broad, cut to a 
narrow wing; segments close, ligulate, obtuse, 2 mm broad, obscurely 
toothed, densely pilose beneath and with a few bullate scales on the ribs ; 
veinlets 4 or 5 on a side, simple; sori costular, indusia none. 
Borneo. 
63. Cyathea ferruginea Christ in Philip. Journ. Sci. Bot. 2 (1907) 181. 
Trunk obsolete or up to 2.5 m high, 6 cm in diameter; stipe in 
acaulescent plants 150 cm long, with a few scales at the base, sparsely 
spinulose, decidedly spiny in arborescent specimens, upward glabrescent, 
