INDO-MALAYAN WOODS. 
419 
In India and Ceylon : 
Sal Shorea robusta. 
Teak Tectona grandis. 
Pynkadu Xylia dolabriformis. 
Usually the logs are peeled before being used as piles; but occasionally, 
as in taruntum ( Lumnitzera littorea ) and malab era (Fagraea fastigiata) , 
it seems advantageous to use the log with the bark on it. 
Of all known woods the billian or Borneo ironwood, is said to be the 
best and most durable for piling. It is probable that some of the 
less known woods are equally durable, but they are insufficiently known 
or do not occur in sufficient quantity to make them of equal importance. 
SHIP AND BOAT BUILDING. 
Teak ( Tectona grandis) is the standard by which shipbuilding woods 
are measured. It stands alone in the first line of Lloyd’s Register. 
Other timbers of this region which are named in Lloyd’s are as follows: 
Second line : 
Morung saul (Shorea robusta) . 
Third line : 
Angelly (Artocarpus hirsuta) . 
Thingan (Hopea odor at a) . 
Molave ( Vitex littoralis ) . 
Dungon ( Tarrietia sylvatica) . 
Yaeal ( Shorea spp.) . 
Mangacliapuy ( Hopea acuminata) . 
Betis (Jllipe betis) . 
Ipil (Intsia bijuga) . 
Guijo (Shorea guiso) . 
Narra (Pterocarpus spp.) . 
Batitinan (Lagerstroemia piriformis) . 
Paio maria de la playa (Calophyllum inophyllum) . 
Fourth line : 
Those of the first and second line when secondhand. 
Fifth line : 
Bed cedar (Toona spp.). 
Banaba (Lagerstroemia speciosa) . 
This by no means indicates that these are the only or even that they 
. are the best shipbuilding woods of the region. It merely means that 
they have been sufficiently well known to be given a rating. The list 
should certainly be revised to include a large number of the good woods 
of the region. 
For the keels of boats, a number of the more durable woods are used: 
aranga, banaba, bansalaguin, betis, dungon, guijo, liusin, molave, narra, 
palo maria, yacal, Bassia spp., etc. 
For the planking, leap or ( Dryobalanops spp.), guijo ( Shorea guiso), 
tliingan ( Iiopea odorata) , molave ( Vitex littoralis). 
For the knees, palo maria, Geriops spp., etc. 
