442 
FOX' WORTH 1\ 
TAXACEdE. 
Taxus baccata L. 
Himalayas, upper Burma, China, Japan, the Philippines, etc. Forms of this 
species are found in the high mountains throughout the tropics of the East. 
Wood hard, heavy (sp. gr. 0.74-0.94), close and even-grained, smooth. 
Sapwood white ; heartwood orange-red, light-red, or white. Seasonal 
rings marked by a conspicuons line. Pith-rays very numerous, regular 
and long. Used for bows, carrying poles, and native furniture. 
Stevenson 136-139; Gamb. 101; Nurd. I., Mech. Eigensch. d. Holzer 542; 
Stone 245 ; Holtzapfl’el 1 10. 
Podocarpus neriifolia Don. 
British India, Burma, the Philippines, Borneo, Java, Sumatra; a mountain 
tree of very wide distribution. 
Wood light-yellow or yellowish-gray; homogenous, even-grained, soft 
to moderately hard and moderately heavy. Seasonal rings distinct though 
faint. Pith-rays very fine, numerous. No resin ducts, but scattered 
cells with resin prominent oir thin section. Used in general carpentry 
and is excellent to work, but would probably not resist white ants; also 
employed for oars, spars, masts, and to make tea-boxes. Seasons well 
and does not warp or shrink. 
Gamb, 702, tab. XVI, fig. 3; Nurd. V. and X. ( P . bracteata Bl.). 
Numerous other species of Podocarpus occur m the Malay region, but they are 
usually extremely local and on high mountains. So far as known their wood 
resembles that just described. Australian species of Podocarpus are often known 
as “yellowwood” because of the color of the wood. 
PINACE2E. 
Agathis alba (Lam.) (A. dammara Rich.) Plate XXII, fig. 1. Almaeiga 
(Phil.); dammar (M. ). 
Malay Peninsula and Archipelago. 
Wood soft and light, even-grained, easily worked, white, not very 
durable. Used for planks and temporary construction. 
Cedrus deodara (Roxb. ) Loud. Deodar; Himalayan cedar. 
Himalayan region. 
Wood moderately hard, light to moderately heavy, strong-scented, oily ; 
sapwood white; heartwood light yellowish-brown. Seasonal rings dis- 
tinctly marked by the darker autumn wood. Pith-rays fine, unequal and 
irregular, fairly numerous, hot deep. Resin-ducts none, the oil contained 
in wood-cells in the heartwood. Railway sleepers, bridge work, build- 
ing; rather brittle to work and does not take paint or varnish well. Has 
strong odor. Contains a good deal of oil, which prevents it from becom- 
ing water-logged, very durable. Resists wet, also white ants, and ap- 
parently does not suffer much from dry rot. 
Gamb. 710-716, tab. XVI, fig. J , ; Nurd. XI. 
