INDO-MALAYAN WOODS. 
443 
Pinus. Wood usually very resinous and homogenous, consisting of 
alternate layers of soft and often spongy spring wood, and of hard, darker 
colored autumn wood; heartwood distinct. Pith-rays fairly numerous, 
rather irregular, fine to moderate broad. Yertical resin-ducts large and 
numerous, visible on horizontal and vertical sections. 
Pinus insularis Endl. Plate XX1J, fig. 2. Saleng. 
Philippines. 
A wood much resembling that of some of the yellow pines in the 
United States; very resinous and of considerable local importance for 
planks, house building, etc. 
Phil. Woods 354. 
Pinus excelsa Wall. Blue pine. 
Himalaya. 
Light and moderately hard. Sapwood white; heartwood light-red. 
Railroad ties, planks, etc. 
Gamb. 704; Nord. VIII. 
Pinus longi folia Roxb. Long-leaved pine. 
Himalaya. 
Light and moderately hard. Sapwood white; heartwood light-reddish - 
brown. Wood inferior to the preceding. 
Gamb. 707, 'tab. XVI, fig. 3; Nord. VII. 
Pinus khasya Royle, P. gerardiana Wall., and /'. mtrkusii Jungh. & de Vr. 
are also used to some extent. 
Cupressus torulosa Don. Himalayan cypress. 
Himalaya. 
Moderately hard and moderately heavy. Sapwood white; heartwood 
light-brown with darker streaks, very fragrant. Very durable. Used in 
building and for wood carving. 
Gamb. 696, tab. XVI, fig. 1 ; Nord. X. 
ANGIOSPERMS. 
MONOCOTYLEDONS. 
The monocotyledons are not to be considered as of much importance 
in the production of commercial woods, but they do have some important 
uses which must not be overlooked. 
PANDANACE2E. 
In some places the trunks of the arborescent pandans are used for 
rough or temporary work, and they furnish what is sometimes called 
“porcupine wood/ 5 They are probably of little, if any, more importance 
than the trunks of tree ferns. 
