INDO-MALAYAN WOODS. 
553 
broad, not numerous. Scabbards, sword-hilts, gun-stocks, and used for 
building and agricultural implements. 
Ganib. 503, tab. XI, fig. 3; Nord. Ill; Iv. & Y. 7:74—76. 
Ehretia laevis Roxb. 
British India, Persia, China. 
Wood grayish or brownish-white, moderately hard, even-grained. Sea- 
sonal rings indistinctly marked. Pores small, grouped in small clusters 
or radial lines. Pith-rays fine, short, numerous. Tough and durable; 
agricultural implements and building. 
Gamb. 503; Watt Diet. 3:203. 
Ehretia javanica Bl. (E. wallichiana Hook. f. & Th.) Kendal; Ki-bako. 
British India, Burma and Java. 
Wood yellowish-white, moderately hard, rough. Seasonal rings marked 
by light-colored belts. Pores small and moderate-sized, in scattered 
groups and short radial lines. Pitli-rays short, numerous, uniform. 
Building, charcoal, tea-boxes. 
Gamb. 504; Nord. X; K. & V. 7:76-78; Van Eed. 182. 
VERBENACEfE. 
Wood usually of good quality, not liable to warp or split, of various 
colors. Pores usually moderate-sized, scanty, those in the earlier formed 
wood larger and marking the seasonal rings. Pith-rays generally fine 
and moderately broad, regular. The wood of Avicennia is quite anom- 
alous. 
Avicennia officinalis L. Plate XXX, fig. 101. Api-api (M.). 
Mangrove swamps, tropical East Africa to Australia. 
Wood brown or gray, hard and heavy, in alternate layers of pore- 
bearing tissue and loose large-celled tissue without pores; the former 
layer shows the large, moderate-sized or small pores in radial strings 
of 1 to 5 between the fine short pith-rays; the latter is much narrower 
and darker, forming belts which occasionally join each other, so that 
the layers are clearly not seasonal growths. Wood very brittle. Fire- 
wood, mills for husking paddy, rice-pounders, and oil-mills. 
Gamb. 546, tab. XI, fig. 6; Nord. Ill; Watt Diet. 1:360; K. & V. 7:217-221; 
Van Eed. 187; Ridl. 219. 
Calliearpa. Wood white or brownish-white, even-grained. Pores 
small to large, usually in radial lines. Pith-rays moderately broad to 
broad. Usually small shrubs. 
Calliearpa arborea Roxb. Ambon (M. ). 
British India and Burma, Malay Peninsula. 
Wood light-brownish-white, moderately hard, even-grained. Seasonal 
rings marked by a line of harder wood. Pores rather scanty, small to 
large, oval and often elongated, subdivided into numerous compartments, 
often in radial lines. Pith-rays broad, with numerous fine rays between 
88250 10 ^ 
