19, 1 
Perldns: The Octet Theory of Valence 
3 
cording to the number of electrons. The shells are filled in the 
following order: First shell, 2 electrons; second, 8; third, 8; 
fourth, 18; fifth, 18; sixth, 32; seventh, (32?). (See Table 1). 
The electrons either rotate, perhaps in ring form, or revolve in 
small 5 orbits, so that they are powerful electro-magnets. (See 
Plate 1.) 
Table 1. — The atoms arranged according to their electron shells. 
Hydro- 
gen 
period. 
First 
short 
period. 
Second 
short 
period. 
First 
long 
period. 
Second 
long 
period. 
Rare 
earth 
period. 
Uran- 
ium 
! period. 
Elec- 
trons in 
shell. 
1 
Vacan- 
cies in 
shell. 
Number of shells 
Electrons in kernel 
Completed shell _ 
1 
0 
2 
2 
2 
8 
3 
10 
8 
4 
18 
18 
5 
36 
18 
6 
54 
32 
7 
86 
(32?) 
CO) 
(He 2) 
(Ne 10) 
| 
(A 18) 
(Kr36) 
(Xe 54) 
(Nt86) 
0 
(HI) 
Li 3 
Na 11 
K 19 
Rb 37 
Cs 55 
* 87 
1 
Be 4 
Mg 12 
Ca 20 
Sr 38 
Ba 56 
Ra 88 
2 

B 5 
A1 13 
Sc 21 
Yt 39 
La 57 
Ac 89 
3 
Ti 22 
Zr 40 
Ce 68 
Th 90 
4 
V 23 
Cb 41 
Pr 59 
Ux291 
5 
Cr 24 
Mo 42 
Nd 60 
U 92 
6 
Mn 25 
* 43 
* 61 
7 
Sa 62 
8 
Eu 63 
9 
i 
___i 
Gd 64 
10 
Tb 65 
11 
1 
Ho 66 
12 
Dy 67 
13 
Er 68 
14 
Tm 69 
15 
Tm 2 70 
16 
Yb 71 
17 
Lu 72 
18 
Ta 73 
19 
W 74 
20 
* 75 
21 
i 
Fe 26 
Os 76 
(8)22 
Co 27 
Rh 45 
Ir 77 
(9)23 
Ni 28 
Pd t,e 
Pt 78 
(10)24 
Cu 29 
Ag 47 
Au 79 
(11)25 
Zn 30 
Cd 48 
Hg 80 
(12)26 
Ga 31 
In 49 
Tl 81 
(13)27 
I 
C 6 
Si 14 
Ge 32 
Sn 50 
Pb 82 
4 
N 7 
P 15 
As 33 
Sb 51 
Bi 83 
O 8 
S 16 
Se 34 
Te 52 
RaF 84 
2 j 
H 1 
F 9 
Cl 17 
Br 35 
I 53 
* 85 
1 
He 2 
He 10 
A 18 
Kr 36 
Xe54 
Nt 86 
— 
0 1 
* Not yet discovered. 
6 Concerning the size of these rings or orbits, there is much difference of 
opinion among physicists. They may be much smaller, relative to the shell,, 
than represented in Plate 1, but larger orbits than these seem to be excluded 
by chemical evidence. 
