12 
The Philippine Journal of Science 
1921 
but only because the unsatisfied bonds of — H — are immediately 
satisfied by the formation of a solvated ion, such as H — 0 H. 
8 
H + 
This hydrated hydrogen ion may also be written : 
or 
H - 0 - H 
I 
H 
H — 0 — H 
I 
H 
H — > 0 <e- H 
T 
H 
( 2 ) 
(3) 
(4) 
The advantage of formula (2) is that it shows the symmetry 
of the compound. It is readily seen that a borrowing bond 
may be considered as a normal bond preceded by the transfer 
of an electron. Imagine — 0 -f — H — to become by transfer 
— 0 + — H, which then combine by normal union. Ac- 
tually the transfer does not take place first, but at the moment of 
union there is a distribution of the positive charge. This fact 
is best expressed by formula (4), but (2) is a simpler 
expression of valence relations. 
EXAMPLES 
Na" H , H — 0 - ■ H, H — Cl. 
THE HELIUM GROUP 
He 0 , Ne°, A 0 , Kr°, Xe°, Nt°. 
Electrons in shell = 0. 
These atoms have zero valence, but according to the octet 
theory they may possibly have the power of combining with 
+ 
oxygen or with H — as follows: 
-f- + 
Xe + —0— giving Xe 00 0, Xe + — H — giving Xe ^ H . 
If so, the combination would be very unstable, as these 
‘ inert” atoms have very weak external fields. 
