178 T/te Philippine Journal of Science 1921 
In view of these facts the existence within the Kalinga terri- 
tory of a goodly number of dialects may be expected. Whether 
these, once known in their totality and compared with one 
another and with the surrounding stocks, will show common 
charateristics leading to the establishment of a typical Kalinga 
speech as represented in its purest form by one or the other 
of these dialects, is one of the interesting questions the solution 
of which will reward the linguistic explorer of this region. 
The present state of our knowledge in this regard is charac- 
terized by Beyer in these words : 
The mixture of Kalinga dialects is as confusing as their type and 
culture, and in passing fro^n one district to another most striking dif- 
ferences in phonetics are observed. Structurally those of the west seem 
to resemble the Iloko group, while the eastern dialects are closer to 
the Ibanag. We have too little information at the present time to attempt 
a classification of the Kalinga dialects, or even to state their number. 6 
The grouping of these dialects thus will have to follow for 
the present merely geographical lines. 
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL NOTES 
The only published records known to me of the speech of 
people coming under the designation of Kalinga as now in use 
are the following: 
1. Schadenberg, Alexander, in Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Banao-Leute 
und der Guinanen, Gran Cordillera Central, etc., Verhandl. Berl. 
Anthr. Ges. (1887) 152-159. A vocabulary of some 660 words 
of the “Guinaan dialect as spoken in the rancheria of Copacopa.” 
In this as in another vocabulary from central northern Luzon, 
this earliest scientific explorer of those regions shows himself to 
have fallen only too often a victim to the habit of those natives 
of substituting Iloko or other lowland terms for their own idioms 
when dealing with foreigners. 
2. Meyer, Hans, Guinanisch-Tinguianisches Yocabular, in Eine Welt- 
reise, Anhang: Die Igorroten. Leipzig (1884). Some 120 words. 
3. Scheerer, 0., in Linguistic travelling notes from Cagayan, Anthropos 
4 (1909) 3 and 4. A list of 66 words from the rancheria of 
Gobgob on the Rio Chico. 
INTERTRIBAL RELATIONS 
The group of Kalinga whose speech is recorded in the follow- 
ing texts is at home on and around the upper course of the 
Saltan River where, according to Cole, they have married with 
the Igorot and Tinggian. 
This author says: 
5 Beyer, op. cit. 51. 
