i9 , 2 Sclieerer: Texts from Balbalasang-Ginaang 188 
The dialect of Ginaang, as recorded in the following texts, is 
quite evidently part of the general Kainalingka speech-group; 
one of my informants, however, a son of the old fighting chief 
Atumpa of Ginaang, had for it the special name Ginindang and 
disapproved of the generalizing term Kainalingka because of 
the existing dialectic differences. He had to admit, nevertheless, 
the similarity of their dialect to that of Balbalasang and, more 
especially, to that of Balatok, another considerable town some 
distance up the Pasil River, with whose inhabitants they have 
no difficulty to converse. 
Ginaang phonetics, while in general very similar to those of 
Balbalasang, show in certain points a distinct weakening. The 
characteristic ph sound has less friction and approaches more 
a strong b. Similarly the dubious velar stop mentioned under 
Balbalasang inclines in Ginaang more to g, so that words like 
tdku, xngkdu, and others I was tempted to write tagu, inggau, 
etc. The consonantal diphthong represented in English by ch — 
and thus given also in the texts — often sounds rather like d3 
than tj, while some words seemingly ending in d, as maid, ukud, 
really wind up with a very slender hesitating sibilant: maid-\ 
ukud-\. The almost inaudible final k mentioned under Salegseg 
is found also in Ginaang where, moreover, initial and intervo- 
calic Phil, k are elided: Inib. kalbian last night, Gin. ayabian; 
Bal. kdisan gone away, Gin. aisan; Inib. karagwian custom, 
Gin. achawian; Sal. kan seka to thee, Gin. an si-a; Ilk. balai ko 
my house, Sal. phoyoi-o. In place of the disappeared k no glot- 
tal check could be detected, nor were my informants conscious 
of any such ; all that remained was a slight hiatus. 11 
There remains finally to be mentioned a quality which in all 
three dialects consonants occasionally revealed to possess for 
binding syllables together. Thus a word which was heard pro- 
nounced, in the ordinary flow of speech, imuson (object of 
asking), showed, when spelled by the speaker in syllables, the 
division i-mus-son, the s belonging as much to the second syllable 
as to the third, without becoming thereby audibly geminated. 
u The regular elision in the cases above cited of k of other Philippine 
languages clearly indicates the distinction to be made between this original 
k and the dubious k before mentioned which has evidently been evolved 
from g: for example, ug-ukud, story, shows g closing the first syllable 
and in its stead k in intervocalic position; Ilk. kigau becomes in Bal. 
kikau; compare also words ending in g and followed by connective a: Bal. 
kaag plus connective a gives kaag-ka, monkeys — which (Ilk. kaag the 
young of the monkey) . Note also that in Gin. taphyako, a loan-word from 
Span, tabako, k was not elided. 
