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The Philippine Journal of Science 
1921 
always four-sided in the rachis region. Spicules are biscuit- 
shaped plates with warts and thorns, crosses, rods, and capstans 
with branched or warted ends. 
This genus was instituted in 1850 by Valenciennes 4 * in his 
manuscript for Pallas’s long-known species Pennatula phalloides. 
Recently three other species have been added. Two of these, 
L. habereri Balss 6 and L. hicksoni Thomson and Simpson, 6 are 
new. One old species, the Clavella ( Sarcobelemnon , Veretillum ) 
a ustralasise of J. E. Gray 7 has been referred to this genus by 
Kiikenthal and Brock. 8 
Our collection contains specimens of four distinct types belong- 
ing to this genus, none of which can be identified with any of 
the four known species. These results might well be open to 
doubt were it not for the facts that these are the first species 
of Lituaria reported from the Islands, that the alcyonarian 
fauna of the Philippines is still to a great extent unknown, and 
that where it has been studied it has shown a surprisingly large 
percentage of new species. 
Key to the species of Lituaria. 
1. Axis with longitudinal furrows 2. 
Axis without longitudinal furrows. 
L. australasise (Gray) Kiikenthal and Brock. 
2. Axis with outgrowths on the upper end. 
L. phalloides (Pallas) Valenciennes. 
Axis without processes or outgrowths 3. 
3. Axis not extending to the upper end of the rachis 
L. kiikenthali sp. nov. 
Axis extending to the upper end of the rachis 4. 
4. Rachis of same length as stalk 5. 
Rachis longer than the stalk..... 6. 
5. Polyp spicules up to 0.12 millimeter long L. habereri Balss. 
Polyp spicules up to 0.20 millimeter long. 
L. hicksoni Thomson and Simpson. 
6. Base of retracted autozooids directed upward, outer spiculated region 
triangular L. philippinensis sp. nov. 
Base of retracted autozooids directed outward and upward, outer spicu- 
lated region not triangular 7. 
7. Spicules of rachis averaging 0.13 millimeter in length, with long 
thorns L. molle sp nov. 
Spicules of rachis averaging 0.085 millimeter in length, little branched 
at ends L. breve sp. nov. 
4 Milne-Edwards, H., and Haime, Palaeontographical Society Monographs, 
Intr. p. 84. 
6 Balss, Abh. Bayer. Ak. suppl. 1, p. 81. 
6 Thomson and Simpson, Alcyonaria of the Investigator 2 : 310. 
7 Gray, J. E., Catalogue Sea-Pens, British Museum, 33. 
8 Kiikenthal and Brock, Ergb. Tiefsee Exp. 1 3 : 117-170. 
