268 The Philippine Journal of Science 1921 
filarise found in the peripheral blood. Not only are the leuco- 
cytes increased in number, but there is a distinct condition of 
eosinophilia, which also varies in proportion to the number of 
filarise present. Gulland’s observations have been confirmed by 
Coles, (10) whose percentages are given in Table 6. 
Table 6. — Cole’s differential count 'percentages. 
Leucocytes. 
Case I. 
Case II. 
Normal. 
Multinuelear 
Per cent. 
34 
Per cent. 
43 
Per cent. 
60-76 
Lymphocytes 
44 
33.5 
24-30 
Large uninucleated _ 
7 
6.5 
3-6 
Eosinophile 
15 
17 
2. not above 3. 
There is also a constant high proportion of lymphocytes, 
while there is a low percentage of polymorphonuclears. 
At first sight it looks as though the data given in Table 6 
might be a method helpful to diagnosis, but so far as I can 
judge the range of usefulness is very small; for, in the first 
place, it is just in the cases where the embryos are very difficult 
to find that the eosinophilia is least and therefore inconclusive; 
and, in the second place, Ascaris, Oxyuris, Tsenia, and Ancylos- 
toma are all prone to produce an eosinophilia. 
In the region in which I worked the majority of the people 
were infected with Ascaris, while ancylostomiasis and other 
worm infections are by no means rare. With this knowledge, 
given a doubtful patient with a slight degree of eosinophilia, 
one would hesitate to say, on this ground alone, that he was 
the subject of filariasis; while, if the parasite be found in the 
blood, the method is unnecessary for diagnostic purposes. 
A very valuable paper on this subject has been written by 
Whyte of Swatow, China. (44) Calvert (6) argued that eosino- 
philia is greatest when microfilariae are absent from the peri- 
pheral blood; but Whyte hesitates to accept this view, and I 
agree with him. 
FILARIAL DISEASES 
In the first place, it must be again borne in mind that often 
the filarial worm gives rise to no inconvenience whatever and 
appears to be absolutely innocuous. It may be harbored for 
years without the host having any idea of its presence. The 
diseases dependent on its presence may be classified as follows; 
