i9 , 4 Reinking and Groff: Siamese Seedless Pummelo 391 
highly appreciated in Siam and is grown chiefly for export. 
The Kao Pan pummelo of Nakorn Chaisri is the more delicious 
of the two and is the favorite within Siam. While a study and 
collection of almost all of the important varieties of pummelos 
were made, we have confined the present paper to the true Sia- 
mese seedless pummelo, the Nakorn Chaisri or Kao Pan, grown 
in Ban Mai, Sarm Prarm, Nakorn Chaisri. Ban Mai is the 
only locality noted for its production of seedless pummelos and 
for the excellent flavor of the fruits. 
The studies were made primarily on the plantation of Nang 
Nui and her husband, Nai Ha, and were greatly facilitated by 
the interest shown in the work by the Department of Agricul- 
ture, Ministry of Lands and Agriculture of Siam. We are 
indebted to Mr. W. A. Graham, adviser to the Ministry; to 
Phya Manopakor, secretary to the Minister of Agriculture; to 
Phra Kasetra Raksha, director of Agriculture; and to Luang 
Bhojakara, of the experiment station. The latter accompanied 
us on our investigational trips in the fruit sections and was most 
cordial and helpful as interpreter and general informant. The 
Governor of Tachin, Phya Sakoen Kanabhirako, also assisted 
by obtaining permission to make the studies on the plantations 
and sending a guide in order that no difficulty would be en- 
countered in locating the best orchards. Besides these govern- 
ment officials, Dr. Yia S. Sanitwongse, an enthusiastic land owner 
and planter, aided by giving valuable information in regard to 
the location, history, and the general characters of the fruit. 
Without his help the study could not have been accomplished 
in such a short period of time. 
HISTORY AND DEVELOPMENT 
In Nakorn Chaisri the growers clearly recognize the Kao Pan 
as a distinct variety. They can describe the chief characteris- 
tics of both fruit and tree. Their claim, well substantiated 
throughout the country, is that, when grown under conditions 
other than those found in Nakorn Chaisri, the fruit soon loses 
its delicious qualities. The variety is widely known throughout 
the region, though a few growers along Tachin River are 
especially famous for their production of the Kao Pan pummelo. 
The people of this part of Siam have been greatly influenced 
by the Chinese. Chinese from southern China have settled in 
the country for generations, bringing with them conspicuous 
features of the old Chinese civilization and thereby greatly in- 
fluencing the life and customs of the people, as is shown in 
