i9, 4 Reinking and Groff: Siamese Seedless Pummelo 425 
Ant; mod dam; Dolichoderus species. 11 Harmless black ants 
are often found on the leaves, especially in the vicinity of scale 
insects. They attend the scale to obtain the sweet secretions 
of the latter, but cause no damage to the tree. 
Ant; mod kan fie; Pheidologeton species. A reddish fire ant, 
so called because of its burning bite, may cause serious damage, 
even to the extent of killing some of the trees. The ant attacks 
and kills the young roots, and also is reported to attack the 
older roots, the trunk just below the ground surface, and even 
the young twigs and leaves. In some cases ants of this species 
girdle and kill the trees. Rot-producing and parasitic fungi 
frequently gain entrance to the tree through injuries caused 
by ants. Fruit touching the ground may be attacked by ants 
and other insects, thereby opening a way for fungi. 
The control consists in flooding out the ants and burning 
them. In October and November when the water is high, dur- 
ing the flood periods, the growers allow the water to flow 
over and stand on the fields for from two to three days. By 
this method the ants are forced out of the ground. They come 
to the surface and seek the highest points of land. The owner 
then travels about with a lighted torch of long grass and burns 
them. Termites, small red ants, and black ants are also killed 
in this way. 
Ant, red tree; mod dang; Oecaphylla smaragdina Fabricius. 
The large red, or cedar-colored, tree ant is, common on the 
branches of trees. It does no damage to the tree directly, but 
makes nests of the living leaves. The ants of this species at- 
tend scale insects to obtain the secretions from the bodies of the 
latter, and are found throughout the East ; they are a pest dur- 
ing harvest time, and attack and bite the pickers. 
In the citrus groves about Canton it is reported that the or- 
chardists import the ants and place nests of them on the trees 
to destroy caterpillars, probably tent caterpillars, which at times, 
do serious damage. The trees in orchards are connected by 
bamboo poles to enable the ants to pass from tree to tree. 
Flea beetle. Flea beetle attack on the leaves is characterized 
by the epidermal layer and the mesophyll being eaten away on 
one side of the leaf down to the epidermal layer on the other side. 
Severe injury may be done. 
11 The ants listed were determined by H. E. Woodworth, College of 
Agriculture, Los Banos. 
