THE STRUCTURE OF CHLORINE DIOXIDE AND 
RELATED COMPOUNDS 1 
By Granville A. Perkins 
Chemist, Bureau of Science, Manila 
In a previous paper 2 the writer has discussed the interpre- 
tation of some of the older ideas of valence in terms based on 
the Lewis-Langmuir theory of valence. These interpretations 
are summarized in Table 1. 
Table 1 . — Relations betiveen the older “affinity unit" theory and the Lewis- 
Langmuir theory of valence. 
Affinity unit theory. 
Example. 
Nomenclature based 
on Lewis-Langmuir 
theory. 
Example. 
Affinity unit; nonmetal- 
lic unsatisfied bond. 
Cl— 
Vacancy for one elec- 
tron in the shell. 
Cl— 
Affinity unit; metallic 
unsatisfied bond. 
Na— 
One loosely held elec- 
tron. 
Na 1 
Negative ion 
Cl - — 
Negative ion 
Cl - 
Positive ion 
Na + - 
Na + 
Single bond, not ioniz- 
able. 
Cl-Cl 
Single bond; direct 
union, two electrons 
in common. 
Cl-Cl 
Single bond, ionizabie.. 
Na— Cl 
Salt-forming union 
Na + Cl“ 
Auxiliary valence, am- 
monium type. 
(CH 3 )3=N<^ 3 
Increase of valence by 
ionization. 
(CHs)4=N + „.-Cl - 
Auxiliary valence, 
amine oxide type. 
<CHs)3=N=0 
Borrowing union (no 
valence increase). 
(CHsbSNCxm 
Double bond 
0=0 
Double bond, four elec- 
trons in common. 
0=0 
Triple bond 
IIC=CH 
Triple bond, six elec- 
trons in common. 
HCrECH 
It may be noted that among the direct (that is, nonionizable) 
unions the single bond represents two electrons held in common ; 
the double, four electrons; and the triple, six electrons. No 
place is given in the scheme to bonds consisting of one, three, or 
five electrons. This is entirely in accord with Langmuir’s 3 postu- 
late 11, and certainly in accord with the commonest types of 
3 Received for publication August 8, 1921. 
2 Philip. Journ. Sci. 19 (1921) 1. 
8 Langmuir, I., Journ. Am. Chem. Soc. 41 (1919) 888. 
729 
