XIV, 1 Cockerell: Social Bees of the Philippines 79 
Trigona fulvomarginata is very close to T. ventralis Smith and 
has the abdomen whitish at base and beneath as in ventralis. 
It differs by the dusky Vv^ings and the bright fulvous hair bor- 
dering mesothorax and scutellum. The scape is pale at the 
extreme base, and the face has short grayish white hair. 
Trigona valdezi and penangensis belong to the iridipennis and 
bh'oi series. They differ at once from iridipennis by the dusky 
wings. The wings of penangensis are less produced apically 
than those of iridipennis, and the abdomen is pure black. 
Trigona hiroi is larger than penangensis and has darker wings. 
Trigona valdezi is 5 millimeters long, but penangensis is not 
over 4. The abdomen of valdezi is brown, palest basally; that 
of penangensis is pure black. Trigona valdezi is also close to 
T. Iseviceps Smith, but differs by the black femora, tibise, and 
middle and hind basitarsi. 
Trigona busara is about 7 millimeters long, robust, with dusky 
wings; stigma and nervures dilute sepia; face and front cov- 
ered with cinereous pile; scutellum with much black hair; 
pleura with mouse-colored tomentum above, grading into cine- 
reous below; legs black. 
Trigona bakeri and T. itama are much alike, about 6 milli- 
meters long, with dilute fuliginous wings, noticeably darker 
than those of T. busara. The front mesothorax and abdomen 
are shining, but in bakeri the mesothorax is extremely smooth 
and polished, in itama distinctly dullish. The legs are black in 
both. Trigona busara, bakeri, and itama all have the abdomen 
shining black. 
The following, described by Smith from Singapore, are not 
represented in the collection : THgona fimbriata, T. Iseviceps, and 
T. thoracica. Smith described four others from Mount Ophir; 
one of them {T. atripes) was found on Penang. It is a fulvous 
insect, quite unlike the others here described. 
APID^ 
I recognize only a single genus, though the segregates pro- 
posed by Ashmead may be considered subgenera. 
Genus APIS Linnaeus 
Large species, workers about 16 to 18 millimeters, with eyes somewhat 
converging above; second recurrent nervure joining third submarginal 
cell very near its apex Subgenus Megapis Ashmead. 
Medium-sized species, typified by the common honey bee; second recurrent 
nervure not going so near end of third submarginal cell. 
Subgenus Apis Linnaeus. 
Small species, workers about 8 millimeters Subgenus Micrapis Ashmead. 
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