XIV, 1 Reinking: Coconut Bud Rot in the Philippines 149 
9. From these researches it can be stated with certainty that 
Phytophthora faberi Maubl. causes coconut bud rot; bacteria 
are apparently, in the majority of cases, always secondary, but 
are concerned with destroying the weakened tissues. 
10, By proving that the fungus causing coconut bud rot is 
identical with the organism which produces black rot of cacao 
pods, canker of cacao, fruit rot and canker of Hevea rubber, 
and rot of papaya fruit, it becomes evident an entirely new 
series of controls will have to be devised. Phytophthora faberi 
Maubl. may grow readily, under favorable conditions, as a 
saprophyte also, on dead portions of coconut, cacao, and papaya. 
RECOMMENDATIONS 
1. .Trees when once severely infected never recover. The 
mode of growth of the palms and the nature of the disease 
make it impossible to cure trees already badly affected. 
2. Systematic inspection, condemning and burning of all dis- 
eased coconut trees, as carried on by the Bureau of Agriculture, 
should be continued. 
3. All parts of diseased trees must be burned; otherwise 
the organism will live as a saprophyte on dead matter, and then 
spread to healthy trees. 
4. Clean cultivation ought to be practiced in all groves. 
5. Under no circumstances should coconuts be interplanted 
with cacao or papayas. 
6. If coconuts are planted near diseased Hevea rubber, pre- 
cautions should be taken to avoid the spread of the disease. 
7. Trees in new groves must be planted 10 meters apart 
each way. This spacing is one of the most satisfactory means 
of control against bud rot, and at the same time tends to give 
the highest production of nuts. 
BIBLIOGRAPHY 
(1) Barrett, 0. W. Diseases of the coconut. Philip. Ayr. Rev. 5 (1912) 
262-263. 
(2) Butler, E. J. The bud rot of palms in India. Memoirs of the 
Department of Agriculture in India 3 (1910) 221-280. 
(3) Byars, A. F. Coconuts in Laguna and Tayabas Provinces. Philip. 
Ayr. Rev. 1 (1908) 516-520. 
(4) Cevallos, Fexipe 0. Control of diseases and pests by cultural 
methods. Philip. Agriculturist and Forester 1 (1911) 86-88. 
(5) Copeland, Edwin Bingham. Bud rot of the coconut. Philip. Ayr. 
Rev. 1 (1908) 210-220. 
(6) Idem. The coco-nut. London, Macmillan and Co. (1914) 43-63. 
(7) Johnston, John R. The history and cause of the coconut bud rot. 
U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Plant Industry Bull. 228 (1912) 1-175. 
