XIV, 3 
Aguilar: The Lumbang-Oil Industry 
281 
in the market at prices ranging from 18 to 19 pesos per 75 
kilograms, four different samples were secured from which the 
oil was expressed and analyzed ; the results obtained are presented 
in Table II. 
Table II. — Quality of kernels sold in Manila. 
Oil. 
Sample No. 
Kernel color. 
Based on 
kernel. 
Color. 
Acid 
▼alue. 
1 
P. ct. 
65 
2 
60 
»24.75 
3 
61 
*66. 53 
4 
52 
•72.28 
• Milliirrams KOH used to neutralize 1 gram of the oil. 
Table III shows an analysis of oil expressed from fresh kernels 
as compared with two grades of oil obtained from the market. 
Table III . — Coyistants of three samples of oil. 
Oil expressed 
from fresh 
kernels. 
Oils ob 
the 
Grade I. 
tained from 
market. 
Grade II. 
Appearance 
light colored 
brown 
dark brown 
Specific gravity at 15. 5° C _ 
0. 9261 
0. 9253 
0. 9237 
Saponification value __ 
188 
193 
194 
Iodine number 
154 
157 
160 
Acid number 
0.55 
64.25 
106.48 
The results shown in Table III indicate clearly that the pre- 
paration of the kernel is one of the most important points to be 
taken into account in the manufacture of lumbang oils. Pro- 
longed heating at high temperatures produces brown kernels, and 
consequently a brown oil that is high in free fatty acid, as shown 
by the acid values of samples 2, 3, and 4, in Table II. Long 
storage of the kernel also causes deterioration in the value of its 
oil content ; for it is readily attacked by small black beetles, thus 
reducing the available amount of oil ; and the oil content becomes 
more and more acid without any perceptible change in the ap- 
pearance of the kernel or in the oil extracted. Sample 1, Table 
II, has the same appearance as the kernel prepared in the labor- 
atory. Freshly prepared kernel, therefore, is the best material 
for the expression of oil. 
To determine the change in the amount of free fatty acids of 
