XIV. 8 Beccari: The Palms of the Philippine Islands 297 
ing the name of trees; such as Pinanga insignis, P. hatana- 
nensis, P. sibuyanensis, and P. speciosa. Among the small 
forms P. maculata alone shows close affinities with the Malayan 
P. disticha. 
The genus Orania has also found in the Philippines very 
favorable conditions for evolution and is there represented by 
several forms, all of which, however, are apparently derived 
from two species belonging to two different and widely separated 
regions; namely, 0. macrocladus, of the Malay Peninsula, and 
Oromia moluccana and 0. regalis, of the Moluccan and the Papuan 
regions. 
In Caryota forms are found that are but slight modifications 
of Malayan species, and the same may be said of the genus 
Arenga. The variety philippinensis of Caryota Rumphiana 
may, perhaps, be considered as an endemic species of the second 
degree, but its great affinity with the other forms of that poly- 
morphic palm, which is widely spread throughout the entire 
Malayan region, is plainly evident. 
Arenga saccharifera is, I think, to be considered as an in- 
troduced and naturalized plant. 
Oncosperma filamentosa, the elegant gregarious palm which 
so frequently gives so special a feature to the vegetation of the 
swampy estuaries in Borneo and Sumatra, is found in the Phil- 
ippines only in Palawan. Oncosperma horrida is another Ma- 
layan type from which the two endemic species O. platyphylla 
and O. gracilipes have apparently been derived. 
Livisto'na rotundifolia and L. cochinchinensis, two nonendemic 
species, are widely distributed in the Philippines, and their 
presence in the Archipelago may be accounted for by the trans- 
port of their fruits from Indo-China, Celebes, and the Moluccas 
through the agency of birds or perhaps by that of flying foxes. 
Livistona rotundifolia, however, has given rise to some local 
forms in the Philippines. Livistona Merrillii and L. Robmson- 
iana are endemic. 
The Philippine Lepidocaryeae number fifty-five, of which 
thirty-six belong to Calamus, thirteen to Daemonorops, three to 
Korthalsia, one to Plectocomia, and one to Zalacca. Metroxylon 
Rvmphii, which seldom produces fertile fruits, is probably an 
introduced plant in Mindanao and other islands in the southern 
part of the Archipelago. 
The Philippine species of Calamus, with only three exceptions, 
are endemic. The nonendemic species are C. symphysipus, a 
common plant in Celebes; and C. ornatus and C. Diepenhorstii, 
