The Philippine 
Journal of Science 
Vol. 18 MARCH, 1921 No. 3 
TROPICAL GEOLOGY AND ENGINEERING 1 
By Warren D. Smith 
Professor of Geology, University of Oregon, and Acting 
Chief, Division of Mines, Bureau of Science, Manila 
CONTENTS 
Introduction. 
Geological Agents. 
Diastrophism. 
Vulcanism. 
Gradation. 
The work of organisms. 
Corals. 
Structure. 
Faults. 
Joints. 
Folds. 
INTRODUCTION 
The purpose of the present paper is to discuss, first, the 
general geologic processes as they are found at work in the 
Tropics, contrasting their effects with the same processes in 
the temperate regions of the earth; and second, to cite some 
examples showing their practical bearing upon the engineering 
problems that arise in those regions. 
From many years of contact with engineers and their prob- 
lems, particularly in the case of tropical countries, the writer 
knows that often all too little attention is paid by the engineer 
to the fundamental considerations upon which geology alone 
Special Problems. 
Road building and maintenance 
Artesian water. 
Dams and reservoirs. 
Coal mining. 
Geodesy. 
Physiographic influence 
economic development. 
Seismology. 
Summary. 
1 Several years ago the writer published some notes in the Mining and 
Scientific Press of California. The present article is a completely re- 
written, revised, and considerably enlarged discussion along the same lines. 
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