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BIRDS OF PENNSYLVANIA 
Genus CLANGULA Leach. 
Clangula hyemalis (Linn.). 
Old-squaw ; Ljong-tailed Duck. 
Description 
Bill smaller and much shorter than head ; tail of 14 pointed feathers. 
Male in winter. — Bill black, yellowish towards end; iris red; legs light lead 
color ; head, neck and fore part of back white or whitish ; lores and cheeks gray, 
and a blackish oblong space below ears on sides of neck ; lower part of back, upper 
tail coverts, breast, upper part of belly and four long middle tail feathers, black ; 
jiosterior part of belly white ; wings brownish. 
Female. — Head, neck and lower parts mainly white ; top of head, sides of same 
and chin brownish-black ; throat streaked with dusky ; upper parts blackish-brown, 
darker on lower back. Length of male (depends on development of four central 
tail feathers) about 23 inches. Length of female about 18 inches ; extent about 28 
inches. 
Habitat. — Northern hemisphere ; in North America south to the Potomac and the 
Ohio ; breeds far northward. 
Regular spring and fall migrant on our principal rivers, and at Erie 
bay, but seldom seen about the smaller streams and ponds in the state. 
This species, in winter, is frequently found on the Susquehanna from 
Harrisburg southward. Prof. August Kock says the Old-squaw is a 
very plentiful visitor in April on the Susquehanna river in Lycoming 
county. The flesh of the Long-tailed Duck is quite tough, dark-colored 
and fishy. The stomachs of five of these ducks, shot last winter near 
Harrisburg, contained fish, mussels, beetles and sand. 
Genus SOMATERIA Leach. 
Somateria spectabilis (Linn.). 
King Eider. 
Description. 
Bill high at base, shorter than head ; frontal feathers and those of chin extend far 
forward. 
Male in winter . — Bill (dried skin) brownish-yellow, darker toward end; legs 
brownish ; eyes dark-brown ; head reddish-brown, darkest on top, brightest on sides, 
and faintly spotted with dusky ; throat and most of neck blackish ; jugulum dirty 
yellowish-white with dusky spots; sides mostly dull black ; breast and under parts 
generally grayish-brown ; upper parts dark brownish ; feathers of fore-back, 
scapulars, wing coverts and about root of tail, edged with rusty and gray. The 
female in winter is very similar to male, as described above, except she has less 
black, especially on neck which is dark reddish-brown, very much same as the sides 
of head of male. 
Habitat . — Northern parts of northern hemisphere ; breeding in the Arctic regions; 
in North America south casually in winter to New Jersey and the Great Lakes. 
Accidental winter visitor at Erie bay, where, on the 30th of November, 
1889, a flock of probably eighteen or twenty individuals made their ap- 
