BIRDS OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
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ing* cliielly pine and hemlock trees, on the seeds of which they mainly 
subsist. They also visit log cabins and other buildings about the 
forests, and pick at the mud used to fill up the chinks between the logs, 
etc. The nest of this bird is said to be built usually in a coniferous 
tree and composed of twigs, strips and fibers of bark, hair, small roots, 
grasses, etc.; “eggs, three to four, .75 by .57, pale-greenish, spotted and 
dotted about larger end with dark, purplish-brown, with lavender shell- 
markings.” — Coues. 
Loxia leucoptera Gmel. 
White- winged Crossbill. 
Description {Plate 9 S ). 
Size about same as American Crossbill. 
Male . — General color rosy-red; scapulars, wings and tail black. 
Female . — General color greenish-olive, breast yellowish ; wings and tail dusky- 
brown. The young, very similar to female, are streaked with dusky, and all have 
tips of middle and greater coverts white, forming two showy white wing bands, 
which in any plumage, and their peculiar sickle-like bills, will enable you to dis- 
tinguish them from other of the FringilUdce. 
Habitat . — Northern parts of North America, south into the United States in 
winter. Breeds from northern New England northward. 
The White-winged Crossbill from all the information I can obtain 
does not build in Pennsylvania where it occurs only as a winter visitor. 
This species is found in the same localities as the American Crossbill, 
but, unlike the last-mentioned bird, it appears to be much less common 
and more irregular in its visits. In the winter of 1889-90 White-winged 
Crossbills were very common in Wyoming, Lackawanna and Susque- 
hanna counties. Crossbills are nearly always to be found in flocks. 
The food of this species is similar to that of the American Crossbill. 
Genus ACANTHIS Bechstbin. 
Acanthis linaria ( Linn. ) . 
Redpoll ; Little Snow-bird. 
Description. 
The small and very acute bill is yellow, a dusky streak extends backward from 
point of each mandible ; legs, feet, claws and iris dark ; tail deeply forked. 
Adult male . — Above brownish-yellow, each feather streaked with dark-brown and 
margined with grayish ; tail and wings dusky edged with whitish ; two white wing 
bars ; a narrow frontal space, throat patch and lores dull black (feathers of frontal 
region somewhat whitish). Top of head red ; breast and sides more or less colored 
with red ; rump and upper tail-coverts streaked with white and dusky, and in some 
specimens tinged with pinkish ; lower parts generally white but sides and under 
tail-coverts have dusky streaks. 
Female . — Very similar to male, but breast is usually of a yellowish tint and not 
