BIRDS OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
285 
Female. — Similar to male, but more greenish-yellow above, but streaked with 
black ; the black head markings are usually absent, sometimes very indistinctly 
shown on malar region or about eyes ; a whitish ring about eye ; the chestnut streak 
is much restricted. 
Young. — Well marked yellow wing-bands ; upper parts yellowish-green with or 
without dusky streaks ; sides of head, sides of neck and backward grayish-ash, rest 
of lower parts white, with or without traces of chestnut stripe on sides. 
Habitat. — Eastern United States and southern Canada, west to the plains, breed- 
ing southward to central Illinois and the Appalachian highlands probably to north- 
ern Georgia. In winter south to Bahamas, eastern Mexico, Central America, etc. 
Kegular spring and fall migrant, arriving about the first week in May 
and departing in September. This species is usually much more num- 
erous in the fall than during the vernal migration. In the spring this 
handsome little warbler is generally most frequently to be found in 
woods or thickets ; but occasionally he also is seen in orchards seeking 
insects among the fragrant rose-tinted blossoms. I have seen birds of 
this species, in the summer, in the counties of Chester, Delaware, Lan- 
caster, Wayne, Susquehanna, Blair, Columbia, Mercer, Cameron and 
McKean, where I have no doubt this bird breeds regularly* but spar- 
ingly. From rejDorts received from observers in nearly all parts of the 
state, especially in the upper half, I find this bird breeds regularly (but 
no place is it mentioned as being common) in nearly all parts of the, 
commonwealth. Feeds on various larvae, small beetles, and other in- 
sects. Once, late in July, I shot a male Chestnut-sided Warbler in a 
thicket near West Chester, the feathers of its chin and throat were 
stained with what appeared to be the juice of a blackberry, possibly this 
species sometimes feeds on berries. 
Dendroica castanea (Wils.). 
Bay-breasted Warbler 
Description {Plate 73, Fig. 2~). 
Length about 5| ; extent about 8f. 
Male, in spring. — Forehead and sides of head black ; crown dark-chestnut ; back 
thickly streaked with black and grayish ; chin, throat, forebreast and sides chestnut, 
duller than crown; under tail-coverts pale buff; rest of lower parts, also a patch 
behind ears, pale yellowish-white; two white wing-bars; two outer tail-feathers 
with white spots near end, and others also whitish on inner edges. Female is more 
greenish-brown above, streaked with black ; traces of chestnut on crown and lower 
parts ; bill and legs blackish. 
Habitat . — Eastern North America, north to Hudson’s Bay. Breeds from northern 
New England and northern Michigan northward ; winters in Central America. 
Irregular spring and fall migrant, usually more plentiful in the fall. 
Perhaps the Bay -breasted Warbler is more numerous than it is generally 
admitted to be. During their brief visits in this region I have noticed 
that these warblers are usually to be observed in the topmost branches 
of tall forest trees, particularly in oaks, chestnuts and hickories. Food 
*Tnl872. Dr. J. C. Merrill, of Philadelphia, found this species breeding and quite common in Monroe 
county. 
