BIRDS OF PENNSYLVANIA. 
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but much paler ; upper parts except as previously mentioned olive-green ; wings 
and tail brownish and without any white. Female and young similar but duller ; 
the black-cap in some fall specimens is entirely wanting. Maxilla (dried skin) 
brownish-black ; mandible pale yellowish. 
Habitat . — Eastern North America, west to and including the Rocky mountains, 
north to Hudson’s Bay territory and Alaska. Breeds chiefly north of the United 
States, migrating south to eastern Mexico and Central America. 
Wilson’s Warbler or Wilson’s Black-cap as it is generally called, 
occurs in Pennsylvania as a regular, but not common, spring and fall mi- 
grant. Arrives here usually about the middle of May and returns again 
in September. Frequents undergrowth in woods and thickets. Feeds 
on spiders, larvae, flies, aphides, etc. 
Sylvania canadensis (Linn.). 
Canadian Warbler. 
Description. 
Length about 5f ; extent about 8| ; maxilla brownish-black ; mandible and legs 
pale flesh color ; no white on wings or tail ; top of head black, quite uniform on 
forehead, but rest of black feathers of crown are extensively edged with the bluish 
ash of rest of upper parts ; ring around eye, and a streak from nostrils to eye yel- 
low ; chin, upper part of throat, lower part of breast and abdomen immaculate yel- 
low ; the black lores unite with a black patch under eyes, which is continuous with 
black on sides of neck, and thence extending across the forebreast in a showy series 
of black spots. Female and young similar but duller, the black markings in former 
are much duller and are absent on forehead ; the young males in the fall some- 
times have little or no black on breast. 
Habitat . — Eastern North America, westv^ard to the plains, and north to New- 
foundland, southern Labrador, and Lake Winnipeg, south, in winter, to Central 
America and northern South America. 
The Canadian Warbler occurs throughout Pennsylvania as a common 
migrant in the spring and fall ; arrives about the 10th of May and when 
migrating southward is again seen in September. This beautiful bird 
so conspicuous in his suit of ashy-blue and yellow with black head dress 
and a showy black necklace, breeds sparingly in some of our secluded 
mountainous regions, viz : Lycoming county {Kock), Cumberland county 
{Baird), Clinton county {Van Fleet), McKean county {J. A. Teuton), 
Centre county {Roddy). The Canadian Warbler sometimes visits or- 
chards, trees and shrubbery about houses, but usually he frequents for- 
ests and is seen commonly on the lower branches of trees or in bushes, 
actively engaged in catching spiders, flies, small beetles and other 
kinds of insects. 
