APPEN^DIX. 
423 
T. 
Tail. — See caiida. 
Tail-cov'erts. — The most posterior feathers of the body, or those which immediately 
cover the basal portion of the tail. 
Tar'sal. — Relating the tarsus. 
Tar'sus. — In descriptive ornithology, the leg of a bird, or that portion from the foot 
(that is, the toes) to the heul joint. 
Taw'ny. — The color of tanned leather. 
Tax'idermist. — A person who prepares and preserves the skins of animals, with the 
view to imitate their appearance in life. 
Taxid'erniy. — Art of preparing and preserving skins so as to represent the appear- 
ance of the living animal. 
Ter minal. — At the end. 
Ter'tials. 
Ter tiaries 
Thorac'ic.- 
( Properly, the inner quills of the wing, growing from the elbow or 
I humerus and usually more or less concealed (in the closed wing) 
I by the longer scapulars. Frequently, however, the graduated inner 
I secondaries are incorrectly so-called, especially when distinguished, 
( as they very often are, by different, color, size, or shape. 
-Pertaining to the chest or thorax. 
Tho'rax. — The chest ; segment of the body enclosed by ribs, sternum (breast-bone), 
and certain vertebrae, containing heart and lungs. 
Throat. — In descriptive ornithology, the space between the rami of the lower jaw, 
including also a small portion of the upper part of the foreneck. 
Tib'ia. — Principal and inner bone of leg between knee and heel ; but in descriptive 
ornithology, called “thigh.” 
Tib'ial. — Pertaining to the tibia. 
To'mium. — The cutting-edge of the mandibles. Plural tomia. 
Totipal'mate. — Having all four toes webbed. 
Transverse'. — Crosswise ; in direction at right angle with longitudinal axis of the 
body. 
Tridac'tyle. — Three-toed. 
Trino mial. — Composed of three names. In Biology, a name composed ol three 
terms, — a generic, a specific, and a subspecific. 
Trun'cate. — Cut squarely off. 
Type. — Of various significations in ornithology. The type of a genus is that species 
from which the generic characters have been taken, or which is specified as 
the standard ; the type of a species is the particular specimen from which the 
species was originally described. The type, or typical, form of a group is that 
which answers best to the diagnosis of that group. 
U. 
Un'der Parts. — The entire lower surface of a bird, from chin to crissum, inclusive. 
Un'guis. — A claw. 
Up per Parts. — The entire upper surface, from forehead to tail, inclusive. 
U-shaped. — Having the form of the letter U. 
V. 
Vane. — The whole of a feather excepting the stem. 
Vari'etal. — Pertaining to or having the characteristics of a variety. 
Vari'ety. — Properly, an individual or unusual and irregular variation from the nor- 
mal type of form or coloration, as the various breeds or “ strains ” of domestic 
animals. But the term is often, though improperly, applied to subspecies, or 
geographical races. 
Vent. — The anus. 
Vent ral. — Pertaining to the belly. 
Vent ral Re'gion. — The feathers surrounding or immediately adjacent to the vent. 
