206 The Philippine Journal of Science ism 
the Mountain Province and elsewhere in the Philppines, it is 
at once apparent that they are very largely Malayan, but that 
to the west many extend to Ceylon, or to the Himalayas or other 
mountains of India; that a smaller number extend to Japan, or 
to Polynesia; and that other species have a wide or very wide 
distribution. 
Outside of the Philippines, Hypnodendron formosicum Card, 
is known only from Formosa; Trematodon drepanellus Besch. 
only from Formosa and Japan; Pseudospiridentopsis liorrida 
(Mitt.) Fleisch. only from Bhotan and Formosa; Dicranodon- 
tium dictycyon (Mitt.) Jaeg. only from Sikkim. Every one of 
the other 59 species is found in at least one of the islands ex- 
tending from Sumatra to New Guinea. Even if the latter island 
be considered to lie outside the limits of Malaya, only two species, 
Spiridens longifolius Lindb., and Calyptothecium philippinense 
Broth, would thereby be excluded. But such exclusion is not 
advocated here, quite the opposite, and at the other extremity 
of Malaya, the Peninsula would have been included, had there 
happened to be any species that would thereby have been added 
to the Malayan list. Fifteen of the remaining 57 species are 
not found outside of these limits, hence the exclusively Malayan 
element will be stated as 17. Two of these, Trematodon acutus 
C. M. and Philonotis secunda (Doz. & Molk.) Bryol. Jav., were 
known only from Java; Warburgiella cupressinoides C. M. only 
from Batjan; Schistomitrium nieuivenhuisii Fleish. only from 
Borneo. Every one of the remaining eleven is known from 
islands west of Celebes, but five only range to the east of that 
island. 
Species found within the Malay Archipelago and not to the 
west or north of Sumatra, but which extend to New Caledonia 
or to Polynesia, number 7, one of which is also found in Tas- 
mania, another in New Zealand. Five other species found in the 
Malay Archipelago are also in Ceylon but not elsewhere; nine 
others are also in India or in Ceylon and India, but with no 
additional distribution, except that one has been collected in 
Malacca. Two others range from Ceylon or southern India to 
Australia or Polynesia ; two occur only in the Malay Archipelago 
and Tonkin; these other Malayan species extend to India or 
Ceylon, or both, and also to China ; seven others with the distri- 
bution of these last are also in Japan or Formosa, one of the 
seven even extending to North America. The remaining seven 
are widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. 
When the 60 non-endemic species found in the Mountain Prov- 
