212 The Philippine Journal of Science m 4 
Broth., M. microcarpum (Harv.) Mitt., Trischosteleum boscliii 
(Doz. & Molk.) Jaeg., and Hypnodendron arborescens (Mitt.) 
Lindb. 
There still remain 48 species, these entirely confined to the 
Malay Archipelago, with the exception in a very few cases of 
an extension into the lower end of the Malay Peninsula; these 
are here held to be exclusively Malayan. It is perhaps rather 
an index of the comparative intensity of botanical exploration 
than of anything else, to say that exactly one-third of these have 
only been collected in one island outside the Philippines, and 
that in ten cases that island is Java. Labuan is credited with 
two; and Borneo, Celebes, the Great Natunas, and New Guinea 
with one each. Thirty-one of the remaining thirty-two have 
been reported from islands west of Celebes, nineteen from 
Celebes or islands to the east. It is apparent from these figures 
that eighteen are found in both of these divisions, and that only 
one fails to occur west of Celebes, its actual distribution being 
New Guinea, Ceram, and the east coast of Luzon. This would 
seem to indicate that the focus of distribution lies to the west 
of Celebes, but the same statement is so emphatically true of 
botanical exploration that it may be premature to attempt a final 
judgment. 
The following table shows concisely the contrast in the three 
sets of Philippine species, as developed above in greater detail. 
Non-endemic Philippine mosses occurring in 
the Philippines in — 
Also in 
Malaya, 
but not 
elsewhere. 
Not in 
Malaya. 
Both in 
Malaya and 
elsewhere. 
Mountain Province only 
12 
22 
26 
Not in Mountain Province - 
48 
4 
40 
Mountain Province and elsewhere .. _ 
17 
4 
42 
77 
30 
108 
It is therefore contended that the facts just detailed not merely 
throw light on the relationships of the Philippine flora, but 
afford ample justification for the segregation of the Mountain 
Province as an area to be treated apart from the rest of the 
Archipelago. Its selection was not arbitrary. The Mountain 
Province, as such, is a political division, created because its 
inhabitants, while differing amongst themselves in various ways, 
possess many characteristics in common which tend to differ- 
entiate them from the rest of the peoples of the Philippines, 
nowhere more strikingly than from their nearest neighbors. 
But they have preserved, acquired, or developed these differ- 
ences, because the geographic difficulties of the region held them 
