*84 
MINES, METALS, AND GEMS. 
on the surface. Tlie calamine, thus separated 
and becomes fit ° , 
K 
jmpuritics, is ground to powder, and becomes 
Hungary abounds in valuable ores and ntinet^^j, (.jllb 
most celebrated for its vast copper works, at .a ^ 
Herrengmnd, built on tlie summit of a 
exclusively inhabited by miners. Here the pr‘’‘-®**.’piib'!j 
above, of apparently converting iron into coppet> [j# 
■with great succe.ss, several hundreds weight o( 
thus transmuted every ywr. The vitriol "'ith 
blue water is strongly impregnated, cannot be it',, 
iron into copper, bik insinuates in ji’f'''. 
to convert the 
copper particles with which it is saturated ; and 
ing trjiisrautation requires a fortnight or three 
but if the iron be suffered to lie too long in ti'‘ . 
solution, it becomes at length reduced to g 
In Japan, copper is the most common of all j jg 
I not 
and is considered as the finest and most 
where to be found. Much of this copper 
tlie purest quality, but is blended with a consiae*"^ 
portion of gold, which the Japanese separate 
The whole ia brought to Saccin, one of the 
cities of Japan ; and it is there purified, and it 
small cylinders, about a span and a half in 
finger’s breadth in thickness. ~ 
Brass is there 
and much dearer than copper, the calamine 
making it being imported from Tonquin in A®* r 
sold at ii very high price. 
Cornwall has been, in aU ages, famous jf 
rous mines of tin, which are in general very 
rich m ore. The tin-w'orks are of difterent , 
pendent on the various forms in which the 
In many places its ore so nearly resembles coni'*. jiify 
that it can only be distinguished .from ■■hsm bf d" / 
weight. In other parts, die ore is a compo'*''‘‘^',j a* * V 
eartli, concreted into a substance almost as h-'” aiiiy' 
-i 
of a blueish or greyish colour, and to which .,jj,vid’y 
impregnated with copper, frequently gives a ‘ ,,i, \ 
This ore is always found in a continued stra p.y 
the miners call load ; and this, for the 
found runiaing through the solid substance cl ^ ^ 
"ocks, beginning in small veins near the surk'^^^^'h 
Eot above half an inch or an inch wide, and i" 
