This 
COAL MINES 201 
■io ‘>1 
1 ch?"'^ ' 
H "wked in Virginia, where the beds are 
nk'' of James river, and is said to have 
jpse: - 
'’“‘net 
>'^|«Qjk^ed by a boy in pursuit of cray fish. 
\^S, y^'^" abounds towards the Mississippi and 
'■ '■ .'at of Pittsburgh being of a superior quality ; 
iiclfj,7 about twenty-four 
tlj"' ag'"’*®' was found to repose on granite, and is 
sinralarity. In the territory south of the 
"y^'Os . "ailed stone coal is found in the. Cumberland 
1 804 a coal mine was discovered on 
k^‘\’ 1" of tl'c Apalachian moun. 
is linn7.nntAl. nn whirls smmnnt if i 
is horizontal, on which account it is 
of { ""nsidcrable advantage, and the mineral is 
J* 3t p, !} in thickness. Notwithstanding these 
yj points 
of the extensive territory of the 
i.si(j ’ "°als are imported from Great Britain in 
5 from ^ quantities. In the space of one year, 
(V^^tor, first ot October, 1801, the importation 
f ’ tfian 18,473 chaldrons. 
C'% ^'lafr* '“'“fi'g " combination of boring and 
sunk, levels are driven, and drains 
' ’si? ''■ei's’ .g 'fi° ficJp of picks or pick-axes, wedges, 
^ I ''’itb ’ fi" rocks being also sometimes loosened by 
? fit searching for coal, a shaft is 
fey ."'e unnnrrv.; 
p."S ^ ^fiakinsi 
m 
.v'filv ^‘^So of steel, which is in the mean time 
"V’-fo „ •• 
uppermost soft stratum, and the rock is 
it continually with an iron borer 
and. 
at proper intervals, a scoop u 
is""' "P the loose fragments. In this manner 
i''y made for more than a hundred 
fiefitg lengthened by pieces .screwed on •. 
’'•1 1 ’'‘'‘-‘ry_ ’’'^ported by a counterpoise, and worked 
9r„j .'“uould it happen to break, the piece is 
cone, as an extin- 
Tlte borer is some- 
V''> 
Cv' ■* fuy , 
•'""'.^Ited with a hollow 
N "'t down on it. "i 
j\('’“'Ure f^ttives, which are made to act on any 
y '\v 4 • I '? scrape off a portion of tlte surrou- •’ 
V7;i s? ffo k,, *s collected in a proper receptacle. 
»i.i, 
the direction of deep and extensive coal 
great art and care, to keep tliem 
Copg’P®"!"! currents of fresh air, which ailuid 
'"It supply of that vital fluid, and expel 
o 2 
