LONDON 'WATER-WORKS. 64© 
Palgate, twenty-five chaldrons of coals were daily carbonized, 
actually yielding 300,000 cubical feet of gas, equal to the 
supply of 75,000 Argand’s lamps, each lamp giving me 
light of six wax-candles. If the full proportion ot gas had 
been obtained, namely, 20,000 cubic feet from each chaldron 
of coals, the produce would then have been 500,000 cubic 
feet, equal to the supply of 125,000 lamps of the same 
size ; and the light then afforded would have equalled that 
of 750,000 wax-candles, instead of 450,000, which was 
the real produce. Including that of the City Gas-works, 
in Dorset Street, Blackfriars Bridge, the total daily con- 
sumption of coals in London, for the purpose of illumina- 
tion, then amounted to 28 chaldrons, and the number 
of light supplied to 76,500 ; but this amount has been 
since greatly augmented, and this invaluable discovery, 
which now bestows an additional lustre on our theatres, 
&c. &c. is rapidly communicating its benefits to every part 
of the United Kingdom. 
LONDON tVATER-WORKS. 
Among works of great magnitude, and displaying a vast 
ingenuity in their contrivance, may be cited those of the 
various companies for supplying the metropolis with water, 
the modes of forcing which into the main pipes, at the 
heads of the respective establishments, and thence convey- 
ing it, by subordinate pipes, through the dift’erent streets, so 
as to aftbrd an ample supply to the inhabitants, as well as 
to provide against fires, may be reckoned among the most 
Useful of the wonders of art. 
The NEW RIVER w'ORKS at Islington claim the earliest 
notice, as having supplied the capital with pure water for 
nearly two centuries, at an original cost to Sir Hugh Mid- 
dleton of 500,000/. The reservoir is eighty-five feet above 
the level of tlie Thames ; but, to give it the necessary 
force, it is raised thirty-five feet above that level, whence it 
vises into the second and third stories of roost houses. The 
quantity it discharges every twenty-four hours is 214,000 
hogsheads of sixty-three gallons each. There are besides, 
the London-beidge water-works, in which a forcing 
nngine serves the purpose of a high level, but the water is 
Strained nor purified } the York-buildings works j 
East London works ; the South London , tlie 
