The PHH.IFPINE Journal of Science, C. Botany. 
Vol. VII, No. 3, August, 1912. 
NOTES ON THE FLORA OF MANILA WITH SPECIAL REF- 
ERENCE TO THE INTRODUCED ELEMENT. 
By E. D. Merrill. 
(From the Botanical Section of the Biological Laboratory, Bureau of Science, 
and the Department of Botayiy, University of the 
Philippines, Mar.ila, P. I.) 
In compiling data and in making explorations of Manila and 
its vicinity with the ultimate object of the preparation of a 
flora of the region, which is now in press,^ much information 
other than that of a purely systematic nature has been secured. 
It has not been considered advisable to include this, however, 
in the forthcoming publication. An opportunity has been taken 
in the present paper for some discussion of the climatic con- 
ditions, the different types of vegetation, and the geologic and 
geographic features of the region under consideration. In con- 
nection with the above there are also included some facts and 
conclusions regarding the vegetation of Manila and its vicinity, 
the introduced element and its origin, the pantropic species 
and their dissemination, and other matters that cannot prop-' 
erly be considered in a short preface or introduction. Most 
of the present paper is devoted to a consideration of the intro- 
duced element, which is a very large one in the vicinity of 
Manila, and, on the whole, the most interesting botanical feature 
of the area covered. 
The area under consideration comprises approximately 100 
square kilometers, roughly a triangle with its base on Manila 
Bay, and its apex at the town of Pasig. Its limits are as follows : 
From the town of Malabon on Manila Bay, north of the City 
of Manila, in a southeasterly direction through Masambong, San 
Francisco del Monte, San Juan del Monte, etc., to Pasig, thence 
’ Merrill, E. D. A Flora of Manila. Bureau of Science Publication 
( 1912 ). 
145 
