THE OAKS OF THE PHILIPPINES. 
319 
the specimens referred to definite species below will later be found to be 
really different, when additional material is secured. I have below dis- 
posed the specimens in flower, and those with immature fruits, to the best 
of my ability, but am not always sure that they are always correctly re- 
ferred. Although a great number of specimens have been cited, the fol- 
lowing paper by no means accounts for all in our herbarium, for I have 
described no new species excepting those of which mature fruits were 
available. It is apparent that several forms remain to be described at 
a later date when more complete material is secured. 
Most of the species of Quercus found in the Philippines are endemic, 
but four species, as here interpreted, being found outside of the Philip- 
pines, two in Celebes, Quercus llanosii and Q. ovalis, if the identification 
of the Celebes material is correct, and two, Q. reflexa King and Q. 
bennettii Miq., in Borneo, the latter extending to Bangka and Malacca. 
Nearly all our species of the genus are found in the hill or mountain 
forests at medium and higher altitudes, but three species being known 
from comparatively low altitudes, Q. caudatifolia , oecuring at least as low 
as 20 m above sea level in Mindanao, and Q. bennettii and Q. soleriana, 
being found as low as 100 m on Mount Mariveles, in Luzon. Some 
species, like Quercus jordanae, are very abundant in the mossy forests like 
those of Mount Data and Mount Tonglon, at altitudes as high as 2,250 
m, but the great bulk of the species are found at altitudes of from 400 
to 1,500 in. 
KEY TO THE PHILIPPINE GENERA AND SPECIES OF FAGACEiE. 
Involucre inclosing the nuts, often splitting irregularly, armed externally with 
rather long spines, usually containing more than one nut 1. Castanopsis 
Involucre inclosing the nut in few species only, mostly cup- or saucer-shaped, 
covered with imbricate scales, or zonulate, rarely tubereulate, never contain- 
ing more than one nut 2. Quercus 
1. CASTANOPSIS Spach. 
1. Castanopsis philippensis (Blanco) Vidal Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. (188(1) 205. 
( philippinenSis ) . 
Fagus philippensis Blanco FI. Filip, ed. 2 (1845) 503, err. typ . philipensis. 
Castanopsis sumatrana F.-Vill. Nov. App. (1883) 210, fide Vidal, non A. DC. 
Castanopsis javanica Vidal Sinopsis Atlas (1883) t. 92, f. I, non A. DC. 
Luzon, Province of llizal, Bosoboso, Bur. 8ci. 2658 Ramos, May, 1907; For. 
Bur. 2 2852, 8100 Ahern’s collector, November. 1904, March, May. 1905. Min- 
doro, Calausan, For. Bur. 8ok5 Merritt, January, 1908. 
The specimens cited above agree with Vidal 61 Ibis, in Herb. Kew, collected at 
Angat, Province of Bulacan, Luzon, and also agree with Blanco’s description. 
Endemic. 
A second species, probably undescribed, occurs in the Philippines, enumerated 
by Vidal 1. c., as Castanopsis sp., and previously erroneously identified by F.-Villar 
I. c., as C. javanica A. DC., and by Vidal, Sinopsis Atlas 1. c., /. H, as C. sumatrana. 
I have no specimens of it. 
