CYPERACEIE OF THE PHILIPPINES. 
89 
Prodr. (1786) 89. C. pennatus Lam. 111. 1 (1791) 144; Decaisne in Nouv. Ann. 
Mus. Paris, 3 (1834) 359; Miq. FI. Nederl. Ind. 3: 281; Vidal, Rev. PI. Vase. 
Filip. 283; Phaner. Cuming. Philip. 155. . G. holciflorus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1 : 171; 
Miq. FI. Nederl. Ind. 3: 282. O. firmus Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 171, fide Boeck. 
G. anomalus Steud. Cyp. 37; Miq. 1. c. 279. G. imbricatus Llanos, Fragm. PI. 
Filip. 17, fide Naves. G. ovatus Llanos ! Fragm. PL Filip. 15. G. nitidulus 
Vidal ! Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. 283. 
Philippines, (Llanos)-, (436, 1636 Gunning)-, (Moseley). Luzon, (786, 787 
Loher) ; (4254 Merrill) ; (592, 1305 Whitford) . Culion, (587 Merrill). 
Southeastern Asia and Polynesia; common. In tropical Africa, rare. The one 
specimen seen by me, from Valparaiso, may have been an herbarium mixture. 
8. Mariscus flabelliformis H. B. K. Nov. Gen. et Sp. 1 (1815) 215; Dyer 
FI. Trop. Afr. 8: 397; Merrill, Philip. Journ. Sci. 1 (1906) Suppl. 1: 30. 
Luzon, (405 Whitford). Panay, (96 Copeland.) - 
Common in tropical America. I have referred to this Kunthian species various 
examples from tropical Africa, Java and Polynesia. 
6. TORULINIUM Desv. 
Spikelets linear, when mature breaking up into several 1 -nutted' pieces. 
1. Torulinium confertum Desv. in Hamilt. Prodr. Ind. Occid. (1825) 15. 
A large plant with large compound umbels. 
Hemsl. in Journ. Linn. Soe. 36 (1903) 222. Torulinium ferox Kunth, Enum. 
2: 90, in citat. Gyperus odoratus Linn. Sp. PI. ed. 1, 46, partim; Boeck. ! in 
Linnsea, 36 (1869-70) 407. G. ferax L. C. Rich. ! in Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 
T (1792) 106; Vidal, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. 283; Phaner. Cuming. Philip. 155. 
C. ferox Vahl. Enum. 2: 357 (saltern pro parte) ; Decaisne in Nouv. Ann. Mus. 
Paris, 3 (1834) 359. C. Haenlcei Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1: 172. G. cephalophorus 
Presl. Rel. Haenk. 1: 170. G. calopterus Miq. FI. Nederl. Id. 3: 282 et Suppl. 
260. G. holophyllus Miq. 1. e. 283. Marisous ferax Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 6: 624. 
Philippines, (8Q8Jagor). Luzon, (536 Guming) ; (5532 Elmer) . 
In all warm countries ; very abundant in America. 
For this plant there are 79 published names; but this number does not include - 
several subspecies, often regarded as varieties. 
7. ELEOCH ARIS R. Br. 
Culm with but one spikelet, leafless. Hypogjmous bristles present. 
Subgenus _ I. Limnochloa. Stoloniferous, somewhat robust. Glumes rather 
rigid, not (or obscurely) keeled. 
1. Eleocharis equisetina Presl, Rel. Haenk. 1 (1828) 195. 
Dried stems apparently septate. 
Miq. FI. Nederl. Ind. 3: 302; Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. 6: 626. Eleocharis escu- 
lenta Viellard ! in Ann. Sc. Nat. IV. 16 .(1862) 37. Heleocharis esculenta F. 
Muell. Fragm. Phyt. Austral. 8: 239, in citat. H. equisetina Naves, Nov. App. 
306. E. plantaginea Vidal, Rev. PI. Vase. Filip. 284; Phaner. Cuming. Philip. 156. 
Luzon, (1255 Owning). 
From Madagascar to the Philippines and New Caledonia; a rare species. 
