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FOXWORTHY. 
Deposits in vessels , etc. — The nature and color of the deposits in the 
vessels of certain woods is a distinctive character. Thus ipil ( Intsia 
spp.) is distinguished by the sulphur-yellow deposits in its vessels; acle 
(. Pithecolobium acle (Blco.) Vid.) and catmon ( Dillenia spp.) by white 
ones; lumbayao, calantas ( Toona spp.), and duguan {Enema and Myris- 
tica spp.) by red deposits; ebony, camagon ( Diospyros spp.), and bolon- 
geta by the very dense, black deposits in all of the wood elements of the 
heartwood; palo maria (Calophyllum spp.), betis (Illipe betis (Blco.) 
Merr.), and bansalaguin ( Mirnusops elengi L.) have pale-yellowish de- 
posits in the vessels. 
2. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WOOD. 
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES. 
Color.- — The heart- and the sap-wood are often very widely different 
in color. Usually, the former is very much darker than the latter and 
the line of demarcation between the two is often very distinct. In some 
cases, such as agoho {Casuarina equisetifolia Forst.) the heart is only 
different in degree from the sap, being only a few shades darker in color 
and showing a gradual change from sap- to heart-wood. In other in- 
stances there is no heartwood, the Color being the same throughout; 
examples are dita ( Alstonia scholaris B. Br.) and lanete ( Wrightia 
spp.). 
There is usually some range of color within a species, but still not so 
much as to prevent the recognition of the characteristic color. However, 
in some species there is the greatest latitude of variability. In narra 
( Pterocarpus spp.), for instance, three colors of wood, respectively known 
as white, yellow, and red narra, seem to be obtained from the same species. 
Color may be due to deposits in vessels, parenchyma and pith-ray cells, 
or to the presence of some pigment in all the elements of the wood. In 
calantas {Toona spp.), the elements all contain a certain amount of 
pigment and there is also the red-colored substance in the vessels. The 
black color of camagon {Diospyros spp.), bolongeta {Diospyros spp.), 
and ebony {Maba buxifolia Pers. and Diospyros spp.) is caused by a 
compound of tannic acid which fills all the elements of the heartwood. 
Odor. — Certain woods are recognizable by their disagreeable odor, as, 
for example, cupang {Parkia roxburghii Don.) and Eugenia sp. Calan- 
tas {Toona spp.) has an odor resembling that of cedar; narra {Pterocar- 
pus spp,), a sweetish cedary, and teak {Tectona grandis L. f.) a 
distinctly aromatic odor. Others of our woods have their peculiar odors, 
which, though fainter and difficult of description, are yet distinctive. 
Taste'. — A number of our woods may be recognized by their bitter 
taste; among these are anubing {Artocarpus spp.), batino {Alstonia 
macropliylla Wall.), betis {Illipe betis (Blco.) Merr.), bansalaguin 
{Mirnusops elengi L.), dita {Alstonia scholaris Ii. Br.), and yacal 
{IIo pea spp.). 
