THE MALAYSIAN UNGULATES, 
31 
Indian heads run to 464 inches in length and as much as 
44$ in, from tip to tip. 
The Malayan Sain bur is usually found singly or in com- 
pany with two or three others, lmt rarely in herds of as many 
as a dozen. It feeds on grass, young shoots, leaves and wild 
fruits, chiefly at night, does much damage to native crops, 
and in many places woodc.i fences have to he erected round 
rice fields as a protection against deer. It is fairly common 
nearly everywhere. It occurs throughout the Malay Ten in- 
sula, including the island of Singapore, but not apparently on 
the island of Penang. Hose states that the pairing season in 
Borneo is about October and November, In India it is vari- 
able. 
Natives of Borneo prize highly any malformed antlers; 
some tribes (e,g. Kalabits). more enterprising than others, 
keep unfortunate deer confined in low-roofed cages, which they 
say, has the effect of malforming the antlers. Certainly some 
very curious heads {in addition to smoked human heads) aTe 
to be seen in Kalalht houses in the interior of Borneo. 
15. THE BARKING DEER or RIB-FACED DEER . 
Mutiiiacus mttnljak. [Plate VIII] 
Malay: Kijang. 
The short, two-tined antlers, mounted on long bony pedi- 
cles as long as, or longer than, the antlers themselves, are the 
distinguishing feature of this Deer. In the skull it will lie 
noticed that the pedicles are continued down the face as rib- 
like ridges, on account of which the name Rib-faced Deer ” 
has been applied. These ridges are apparent in the female as 
well as the male, although the male only has antlers. 
Muntjaci stand a little less than 2 ft, at the shoulder; 
tawny-rufous in colour with whitish throat, belly and inner 
surface of the upper parts of the legs. 
The males have long sharp curved tusks (canines) spring- 
ing from the upper jaw. 
The Muutjacs are solitary animals, very quick in the 
jungle, where they remain during the heat of the day, only 
coming out at sunrise or sunset to graze. They have a pecu- 
liar alarm-crv, a kind of hoarse bark, from which they are 
also known as “ Barking-Deer” In India they are known as 
Kakar ” 
Several different geographical races have been described, 
but with the exception of certain outlying members of the 
group from China and one from S. E. Borneo, all are perhaps 
