16 
THE MALAYSIAN UNGULATES. 
9. THE JA VAN WART ’ PIG . 
Sns verrucosus. 
The peculiarity of this species is the presence of three 
pairs of small bristled warts on- the face. Other characters are 
the well-developed mane, rather large ears, tuft-less tail, uni- 
form blackish colouring of the young instead of the usual 
striped coloration. The adult is black except for the rufous 
underparts and head-bands. It is confined to Java. 
RUMINANTS 
The best-known Ruminant is the domestic ox, whose im- 
portance to man in providing meat, fat, milk and hide, coupled 
with its uses as a draught animal, cannot be exaggerated. Rumin- 
ants are herbivorous. The teeth accordingly are modified for this 
purpose. The incisors are usually long and large, directed ob- 
liquely forwards, to assist the animal in cutting off short grass. 
The upper edge of the jaw is toothless; the tongue is long and 
rough. The stomach is divided into four compartments of which 
the first two are used as temporary receptacles prior to the chewing 
process. 
Mouse-deer or Chevrotains. 
(Fam. 5. TRAGULIDAE). 
The Mouse-Deer are the oldest of living Ruminants, and in 
sfplte of their name show more points of relationsliip to the Pigs 
than to the true Deer. 
They are readily recognizable on account of their very small 
size, standing about a foot high at the shoulder. The limbs are 
particularly slender, the rump elevated. They have no horns; the 
males have long sharp tusks in the upper jaw directed downwards 
and backwards ; the legs are very slender. They are shy little ani- 
mals of the forest, most active about sunset, 
Mouse-Deer are found only from India to Annam and Malaysia 
(Tragulus) and in Equatorial Africa (Dorcatherium) . From 
Malaysia some 50 different forms have lieen described, but all may 
he reduced to two species, the napu (T. javanxeus) and the plandok 
(T. kancMT), each of which however has developed well-marked 
geographical races on many of the small islands of Malaysia. 
