Even-toed Ungulates. 
(Sub-Order 3. Artiodactyta )* 
The remaining Ungulates of Malaysia fall into the 4 ‘ Cloven- 
hoofed” group. characterized among other things by the equal 
development of the third and fourth toe:?, between which the median 
line of the whole foot is drawn. The group, so far as Malaysia is 
concerned, includes Pig, Deer, Goats ami Oxen, 
The following key shows how these animals are classified into- 
different Families: — 
« Non-ruminant 1 * ; teeth bunodonts; one pair of 
upper incisors present . . , . , . Suidac. 
oi Ruminant; teeth selenodont 3 ; no incisors, 
h Hornless; under 14 inches in height at the 
shoulder . . * . . . . , Tragulidae, 
Horned (but not always in females), 2 to 
6 feet in height* 
c Horns branched, deciduous and solid . . Ccrvtdae. 
ei Homs unbranched, permanent and 
hollow , , , , . . , , Bmidae. % 
The Even-toed Ungulates are now tJie dominant group of the 
Order, The great majority of species are found in the Old World- 
particularly in Africa which may be regarded as the present head- 
quarters of the group. 
Three remarkable animals, which do not occur In Malaysia, 
deserve passing mention, as they are placed hi this Sub-Order, 
They are the Giraffe, which is confined to Africa; the Camel, of 
which there are two species — the one-h-umped from Arabia and the 
two-h nmped from Central Asia; arid the Hippopotamus which is 
only found in Africa. 
PIGS 
(Fam. 4. SUIDAE). 
The appears ne'e of the Fig is ton well-known to need detailed 
description. Briefly the points to notice are ; the long conical head 
with laterally compressed body together giving a wedge-like ap- 
pearance and helping it to force its way through the thickest 
jungle: the elongated mobile snout: the feet with four toes, of 
which tlie two middle toes alone are used in walking; teeth typi- 
cally 44 in number; upper canines curved outwards and upwards, 
helping it to plough up the ground in search of food. 
1 "Ruminant’ ’ animals after swallowing their food bring it up 
again to chew. Pigs, alone of the Malaysian Even toed Ungulates, are 
not ruminant. 
- "Bunodont* * or ‘‘hillock-toothed”: molars whose crowns are 
broad, flattened and elevated into to uncled tubercles. 
3 Tn " Selenodont ’ r teeth the crowns of the molars when worn show 
crescent- like or trefoil patterns. 
