THE MALAYSIAN UNGULATES. 
7 
fossil elephant tooth in Sarawak, This, however, is held by 
some to represent another species now extinct. Until recently 
the elephant was found all over the Malay Peninsula, except 
of course in the islands of Penang and Singapore ; but with the 
march of civilization its habitats are becoming more restricted, 
A different species occurs in Africa. ** Jumbo’* for many 
years a celebrity in the London Zoo belonged to this species. 
The largest known tusk appears to he one in the British 
Museum; it measures li> ft, 2 in. in length arid weighs 228 lbs. 
The African elephant is more difficult to tame than its Asiatic 
cousin, and is likely to la* exterminated through continual 
persecution by ivory-hunters. 
These are the only two species now in existence, but iu 
comparatively recent times an allied species, E. primujenim, 
the Mammoth, existed in Northern Siberia, where frozen car- 
cases are found to this day. 
Although gifted with poor sight, elephant; have parti- 
cularly keen, senses of smell and hearing — the great flap-like 
ears when erected catching the smallest sound. Elephants are 
strictly herbivorous : they go about in herds of 20 or more, 
resting during the heat of the day. Solitary male elephants, 
known as <<r rogues,” are also to be met with. They do con- 
siderable damage to crops and are dangerous animals to meet, 
Hubbaekh whose interesting hook entitled “ Elephant and Sc- 
ladang Hunting in the Federated Malay States" should be 
read by every one interested in the Big-game of Malaya, gives 
a thrilling account of trying to stop a charging elephant with 
a bullet at two yards range, — when his rifle misfired ! 
Domesticated elephants have been used from time im- 
memorial, as for instance bv the Persians and Homans in battle. 
Ta-day they are used in India and Burma for transport pur- 
poses, notably for dragging fimljer from the depths of the jungle 
to the river J. SchmeiF states that a tame male tan carry a 
load of nearly a ton. In Perak and old Malacca they have 
been domesticated, probably under Siamese instruction ori- 
ginally. and in Upper Perak they arc still used for transport i * 3 
They are also much used for sporting purposes, especially in 
tiger-shooting when they carry a howdali from which the 
sportsman gets a better chance of a successful shot. 
i Hubback, p. 15. 
s Schmed, p. 90. 
3 Br. Winetedt kindly informs me that in an XYTTIth century history 
of Pemk the story is told of how Sultan Iskandar, hotter known as Marhum 
Kahar, sent Tambi Kechil, a Tamil, with one wife in Perak and another in 
India, to the land of the Klines Pi fetch n mnn to bur elephants. He re- 
turned with one Xakhoda Pakir Ra'ib Maba and received a t'Ue (Raja 
Mutahar Khan) for his pains. The trader came to court with offerees of 
many strange foreign presents ; he brought elephants — bow many ja not said 
— and the Sultan trade him a free gift of two. 
