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The Illustrated Tools of Poultry. 
toes long and straight, but not very thick, with very large and strong talons ; back toe to lie flat and well to the g'ound. Tail — 
Moderate in length, carried close and rather drooping ; the sickles sound and glossy, and not much curved. Size — Should be large, 
but at present is barely moderate, ranging from seven to nine pounds in cocks. General Appearance . — Long, thin, tall, and gaunt, 
hut with extraordinary hardness and gloss of plumage. Carriage — Very high and upstanding in front, drooping behind. 
General Characteristics of Hen. — In all respects similar to those of the cock, except that the tail is not carried quite 
so low, but slightly above the horizontal line, and well “ played,” as if flexible at the joint, or insertion. Size — Usually rather under 
moderate, averaging six pounds. General Appearance and Carriage — Resembling those of the cock. 
Colour of Black-red Malays. — Ln both Sexes — Beak yellow, or yellow striped with horn. Comb, face, deaf-ears, wattles, 
and throat brilliant red, sometimes of a darkish hue. Eyes pearl, yellow, or daw ; usually pearl with a yellow ground. Shanks a 
brilliant yellow. Colour of Cock — Breast and under parts glossy black. Hackle, saddle, back, wing-bow, &c., glossy dark red, 
varying to reddish maroon ; a glossy black bar across the wing, and secondaries reddish or rich bay. Flights usually black on 
inside web, and bay or red, or a narrow edging of either colour, on outside. Tail black, glossed with green. The whole resembling 
the darker Black-red Game cock. Colour of Hen — No absolute standard, but usually a tolerably uniform shade of reddish brown 
or cinnamon, sometimes wetted cinnamon, and not unfrequently partridge marked ; the last to be preferred, as nearer the Black-red 
type. Hackle darker, generally a rich dark purplish brown, or brown striped with black. 
Colour of Brown-red Malays. — Comb, face, shanks, &c., as in Black-reds. General plumage of cock any good 
resemblance to Brown-red or Ginger-breasted Game type. Colour of hen very dark, or almost black. 
Colour of White, Black, and Pile Malays.— Black and White need no description. In Piles, the cock should have 
hackle red or reddish brown, saddle-feathers ditto, wing-bow reddish brown, secondaries bay, coverts or wing-bar white, just 
touched with colour, and breast white, or slightly marbled ; tail white — in fact, resembling Pile Game. Hen white marbled, 
with reddish brown, as near to the Game standard as possible. In Pile and White Malays alone, a willowish tinge in the 
yellow of the shanks is permissible, but rather objectionable. 
VALUE OF DEFECTS IN JUDGING. 
Standard of Perfection. 
A bird ideally perfect in shape, size, height of leg, 
colour, head, and comb, peculiar Malay characters, 
gloss and hardness of plumage, and in perfect 
health and condition, to count .... 100 
Defects to be Deducted. 
Bad head and comb ..... 
. 12 
Plumage long, loose, or soft 
. 20 
Want of “ shoulders” ..... 
• is 
Fanned or too erect tail .... 
. 10 
Faulty colour or marking .... 
• 15 
Willow tinge in shanks (of light birds) 
• 5 
Want of size * ..... 
. 20 
,, ,, general symmetry or length of limb . 
. . 20 
,, ,, condition ..... 
• i 5 
Disqualifications. — Single combs. Knock-knees, or any other bodily deformity. Feather on the legs, or legs any other 
than yellow, or in Whites and Piles willowish yellow. 
* Size in Malays should be greatly judged by height, and it will be a tolerably correct rule to allow thirty inches high as an 
ideal standard for the cock, and deduct roughly about three points for every two inches deficiency. Most birds will need more 
or less deduction on that account. 
