354 
LIFE, IN ITS HIGHER FORMS. 
and well authenticated example. A Dog, which had be- 
longed to an Irishman, and was sold by him in England, 
would never touch a morsel of food upon Friday. ’ 
“ The Oxen that served in the royal gardens of Susa, 
to water them, and turn certain great wheels to draw 
■water for that purpose, to which buckets were fastened 
(such as there are many in Languedoc), being ordered 
every one to draw a hundred turns a-day, they were so 
accustomed to this number, that it was impossible by any 
force to make them draw one turn more j but, their task 
being performed, they would suddenly stop, aud stand 
still.” * 
As proofs that Brutes can acquire some knowledge of 
human language, we may mention the following facts and 
anecdotes out of many. Mr W. C. Martin says “ We 
have two dogs, a spaniel and a terrier, both of small size ; 
and if, by way of trial, in the course of conversation we 
say, in the ordinary tone of voice, and without looking at 
them, ‘ I am sure there must be a cat somewhere about the 
house,’ they are instantly excited, and search in every place 
for (he animal, to which they bear instinctive hatred. + 
Dr Gall says that Dogs learn to understand not merely 
separate words or articulate sounds, but whole sentences 
expressing many ideas. In his treatise, “ Sur les Fonctions 
du Cerveau,” is the following passage: — “I have often 
spoken intentionally of objects which might interest my 
Dog, taking care not to mention his name, or make any 
intonation or gesture which might awaken his attention. 
He, however, shewed no less pleasure or sorrow, as it might 
be, aud, indeed, manifested by his behaviour that he had 
♦ Montagne‘8 “Essays,” ii. 12, t “ Hist, of the Dog, 99. 
