i8 
Colorado Experiment Station 
SUMMARY 
The longevity of the typhoid-colon group in honey is very 
limited. 
The failure of the organisms to die out as readily in the con- 
centrated honey as in the dilutions was rather surprising. A 
possible explanation of this suggests itself in the physical state 
of the sugar particles in the honey. Assuming the honey to have 
been a saturated solution, and this appears to have been the case, 
there is a probability that we had here a colloidal solution with 
low osmotic pressure. In such a solution, plasmolysis would take 
place relatively slowly. When water was added, as in the dilu- 
tions, some of the colloidal sugar passed over into molecular 
solution, the osmotic pressure increased and plasmolysis became 
more active. 
B. fecalis alkaligenes succumbs most readily, and B. coli com- 
munis least so. The other members of the group occupy an inter- 
mediate position, increasing in resistance in the higher concentra- 
tions in approximately the following order, there being some ques- 
ton about the relative placing of B. typhosus, B. enteritidis, and B. 
proteus vulgaris : B. dysenteriae, B. paratyphosus ‘‘B'\ B. paraty- 
phosus '‘A” , B, typhosus, B, enteritidis^ B. proteus vidgaris, B. 
suipestifer and B. lactis aerogenes. 
The probability of honey acting as a carrier of typhoid fever, 
dysentery, and varous diarrhoeal affections is very slight. 
REFERENCES 
^White, Gershom Franklin, “The Bacteria of the Apiary”. Tech. Series, 
No. 14, Bu. Entomology, U. S. D. A., Nov., 1906. 
-White, G. F., “The Cause of European Foul Brood”. Circular 157, Bui. 
Entomology, TJ. S. D. A., May, 1912. 
^Phillips, E. F., “Production and Care of Extracted Honey”. Bui. 75, 
Part 1, p. 12, Bu. Entomology, U. S. D. A., Dec., 1907. 
^Phillips, E. F., “The Treatment of Bee Diseases”. Farmer’s Bulletin 
No. 442, p. 12, 1911. 
®Shutt, “Ripe and Unripe Honey”. Experimental Farms Reports, p. 163, 
1902. Ottawa, Canada. 
®Root, H. H., “Beware Fermented Honey”. Gleanings in Bee Culture, 
p. 398, Vol. 46, July, 1918. 
■^Coop, A. J., “Fermentation of Honey ; a New Trouble”. Gleanings in 
Bee Culture, p. 1055, Vol. 36, 1908. 
®Nussbaumer, T., “Honey Fermentation and Some Notes in Regard to 
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20, No. 5, pp. 272-277, No. 5. 
®Farnsteiner, K. et al., Ber. Hyg. Inst. Hamburg, p. 70, 1900-1902. 
^“Browne, C. A., “Chemical Analyses and Composition of American 
Honeys”. Bui. 110, Bu. Chemistry, U. S. D. A., 1908. 
